246 STRATHCLYDE AND GALLOWAY CHARTERS. 
in the charter which have that combination th in them are not 
spelt with either p ord, but have th separate letters—Thorfynn, 
for example, and Thore and Wyberth and Kunyth. Waldeof 
had become naturalised amongst the Anglo-Danes. This 
seems to show that the th had a different sound, probably 
harder and stronger, and the different spelling cannot have 
belonged to the thirteenth century copy, but to the original. 
‘““Gyrth ’’ has also the transposition of the vowel and liquid 
which entered into several place-names in Westmorland, 
where we find Mebrun and Meburn, Clibron and Cliburn. 
‘“ Seo gyrth dyyle ’’ has other anomalies; “ grid”’ in Anglo- 
Saxon is neuter and ‘‘ seo ’’ feminine; ‘‘ peo,’’ the usual form 
for ‘* pe ’’ in this charter, would have done, but the confusion 
of genders as well as of cases is quite explainable. ‘“*Gecydet ”’ 
is not the usual form, which is ‘‘ gecyded,’’ but it reminds one 
e.g., bobbit for 
and, moreover, it is used in the charter of William of 
ae 
of the Scottish termination ‘‘ it’’ for ed 
bobbed 
Normandy already quoted (Thorpe, 438). For Jadayyick® 
(different from ‘‘ pyylk ’’ in the end of the charter) I can enly 
suggest a fusion of pe (which) and ilca (the same, which 
same). JIk still remains in Scotland, and the Lindisfarne St. 
Matthew xxvii, 10, has “‘ pa ilco for ‘‘ those,’’ which 
would be an antecedent, it is true, but “* pe” and ‘f per” are 
used in Anglo-Saxon for antecedent and relative. 
” 
‘“ Cefrelyce ’’ is a difficulty which appears to show that 
the thirteenth century scribe nodded for a moment. The 
‘“ ce ’’ can only replace ‘‘ swa,’’ and can only have been pos- 
sible after the practice was begun of sounding c soft before e.® 
This may have caused the slipping out of c at the end of 
‘* Combresc,’’ and quite possibly the double c at the end of the 
adjectives (“‘ freondlycc,’’ etc., instead of ce) to keep the hard 
sound. 
We must not be too particular in all instances in pouncing 
on Gospatrik’s grammar. Here he means the adjective 
““ freely ’’ to apply to the receiver of the grant, but he uses it 
as if it applied to the giver. ‘‘ Welkynn ”’ answers to the 
‘* Anglo-Saxon ‘* wolcnum,’’ but this would be rightly dative 
18 This had begun in the tenth century. See the New English 
Dict. under C. 
