2dA STRATHCLYDE AND GALLOWAY CHARTERS. 
~were accurate in every particular, though the main points 
were made sure. And the word “ ioan ’’ takes the place of 
an evidently needed ‘‘ tam diu :’’ probably “* toan 
ten instead of ‘‘ tam,’’ and ‘‘ diu ’’ was missed. And as the 
” 
was writ- 
word ‘‘ cro’? stands so clearly for the seigniorial claim to 
penalties for crime it shquld be possible to take ** de defense ”’ 
‘for the claim to the profits of granting defence and legal ad- 
ministration in the courts : these cases were always expensive 
as those of the appellant were, and implied profits for the 
rulers. And the whole intention of the sentence is that for 
these seigniorial profits which Huctred held as a grant from 
‘the King he was paying a toll, but hoped to be set free by 
having the grant as a franchise, and when that happened he 
would not exact the eight pounds of silver. From Skene and 
from the Holyrood chartulary I have been able to learn much, 
as well as from Sir Herbert Maxwell and from Agnew’s 
Hereditary Sheriffs of Galloway, but nothing to elucidate this 
point. 
Richard, son of Troite, to whom the charter was granted, 
was a brother of Robert, son of Troite, whose name Chan- 
-cellor Prescott (Register of Wetherhal) reminds us occurs as 
Sheriff of Cumberland from 1158 to 1173. Richard’s name 
appears in the Pipe Rolls of 5 Richard I. (1193-4); but it does 
not follow from that that he was living still, only that his debt 
had not been discharged. His son had seisin of Gamelsby in 
10 Richard I., which makes his death before then certain. 
Denton in his ‘‘ Accompt’’ shows that he had reason to 
assume or believe relationship between the families of de Troite 
and de Karliol. And we may be certain that there was a 
marriage between them, though we may not be able to give 
the particulars. A descendant of Hildred de Karliol, though 
probably not of de Troite, was Cristina de Ireby, wife of 
Robert de Brus (Prescott, p. 147). But a point which strikes 
me as worthy of notice is that apparently Tructa (Troite) is a 
woman’s name, and if so the instance seems one of the survival 
of the Keltic custom of carrying down remembrance 
of relationship, in amongst the predominating Norse and 
Norman custom of patronymics which surrounded it and 
extinguished it. Nor is it the only instance I have met with. 
