﻿NOTE 
  ON 
  THE 
  IDENTITY 
  OF 
  GALLIOSTOMA 
  SOWERBYI, 
  PILSBRY, 
  

   WITH 
  C. 
  HALIARCSUS, 
  MELVILL. 
  

  

  By 
  James 
  Cosmo 
  Meltill, 
  F.L.S. 
  

  

  Jieadl2th 
  November, 
  1909. 
  

  

  In 
  1878 
  Mr. 
  Gr. 
  B. 
  Sowerby 
  described' 
  a 
  then 
  unique 
  member 
  of 
  the 
  

   Trochidse, 
  from 
  Japan, 
  under 
  the 
  name 
  Zizyphinus 
  jucimdus. 
  It 
  was 
  

   a 
  fairly 
  smooth 
  shell, 
  finely 
  granolirate 
  on 
  the 
  uppermost 
  whorls, 
  the 
  

   succeeding 
  ones, 
  as 
  well 
  as 
  the 
  body- 
  whorl, 
  being 
  almost 
  smooth, 
  with 
  

   the 
  exception 
  of 
  granoliration 
  at 
  the 
  sutures, 
  the 
  aperture 
  obliquelj' 
  

   quadrate, 
  mouth 
  pearly. 
  Alt. 
  30, 
  diam. 
  33 
  mm. 
  

  

  In 
  January, 
  1889, 
  the 
  description' 
  of 
  Zizyphinus 
  haliarclms, 
  mihi, 
  

   was 
  published, 
  the 
  type 
  being 
  an 
  unique 
  shell 
  lately 
  presented 
  to 
  the 
  

   Manchester 
  Museum, 
  Owens 
  College 
  (now 
  the 
  Victoria 
  University 
  of 
  

   Manchester), 
  by 
  the 
  executors 
  of 
  the 
  late 
  Mr. 
  Heginald 
  Cholmondeley, 
  

   of 
  Condover 
  Hall, 
  Shrewsbury, 
  together 
  with 
  many 
  other 
  rare 
  and 
  

   valuable 
  specimens. 
  This 
  fine 
  shell 
  was 
  differentiated 
  from 
  Z. 
  jucimdus, 
  

   Sowb., 
  by 
  certain 
  characters, 
  such 
  as 
  greater 
  inflation, 
  tenuity 
  of 
  

   substance, 
  size 
  (alt. 
  40, 
  diam. 
  36 
  mm.), 
  etc. 
  It 
  was 
  also 
  reported, 
  

   with 
  some 
  queried 
  element 
  of 
  doubt, 
  to 
  have 
  been 
  dredged 
  in 
  deep 
  

   water 
  off 
  the 
  eastern 
  coasts 
  of 
  Australia. 
  

  

  Now, 
  Dr. 
  Gould 
  had, 
  in 
  1849, 
  already 
  published 
  a 
  Zizyphimis 
  

   under 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  Trochus 
  jucimdus, 
  and, 
  accordingly, 
  when 
  working 
  

   on 
  his 
  able 
  monograph 
  of 
  the 
  Trochidag, 
  Dr. 
  H. 
  A. 
  Pilsbry, 
  finding 
  it 
  

   thus 
  necessary 
  to 
  change 
  the 
  name 
  of 
  Sowerby's 
  shell, 
  prepared 
  for 
  it 
  

   the 
  appellation 
  Soiverlyi, 
  by 
  which 
  it 
  has 
  been 
  since 
  known. 
  

  

  Quite 
  recently, 
  I 
  received 
  from 
  Mr. 
  Sowerby 
  a 
  specimen 
  labelled 
  

   " 
  CalUostoma 
  Sowerlyi, 
  Pils.", 
  and 
  I 
  at 
  once 
  recognized 
  it 
  as 
  

   identical 
  with 
  C. 
  haliarchus. 
  The 
  following 
  week 
  I 
  was 
  able, 
  in 
  

   company 
  Avith 
  Mr. 
  R. 
  Standen, 
  to 
  compare 
  it 
  with 
  the 
  type, 
  when 
  mj- 
  

   impressions 
  were 
  confirmed, 
  it 
  differing 
  in 
  not 
  much 
  else 
  except 
  size. 
  

   This 
  proves 
  conclusively 
  how 
  often 
  erroneous 
  conclusions 
  may 
  be 
  

   drawn 
  from 
  only 
  reading 
  a 
  description, 
  or 
  comparing 
  a 
  figure, 
  however 
  

   well 
  executed, 
  when 
  one 
  is 
  not 
  able 
  to 
  examine 
  the 
  type. 
  

  

  I 
  placed 
  the 
  matter 
  before 
  Mr. 
  Sowerby, 
  who 
  kindly 
  at 
  once 
  gave 
  

   me 
  his 
  opinion 
  upon 
  the 
  subject, 
  which 
  was 
  that 
  both 
  his 
  name 
  

   jucimdus 
  must 
  yield 
  to 
  Dr. 
  Gould's, 
  and 
  Sowerhyi, 
  Pilsbry, 
  to 
  haliarclms, 
  

   Melv., 
  for, 
  though 
  both 
  the 
  latter 
  appellations 
  were 
  bestowed 
  in 
  

   1889, 
  haliarchus 
  was 
  published 
  1st 
  January, 
  while 
  Sowerhyi 
  appeared 
  

   in 
  the 
  fourth 
  instalment 
  (out 
  of 
  five) 
  of 
  vol. 
  xi 
  of 
  the 
  Manual, 
  and 
  

   therefore 
  was 
  published 
  after 
  1st 
  August. 
  

  

  1 
  Proc. 
  Zool. 
  Soc, 
  1878, 
  p. 
  798, 
  pi. 
  xlviii, 
  ^<^. 
  6. 
  

  

  - 
  Journ. 
  of 
  Conch, 
  published 
  January 
  1, 
  1889, 
  vol. 
  vi, 
  p. 
  32, 
  pi. 
  ii, 
  fig. 
  

  

  