﻿IREDALE 
  : 
  MARINE 
  MOLLUSCA 
  FROM 
  KERMADEC 
  ISLANDS. 
  79 
  

  

  of 
  live 
  Gadinias 
  will 
  have 
  noted 
  the 
  extraordinary 
  shapes 
  they 
  

   assume, 
  as 
  cramped 
  for 
  room 
  they 
  grow 
  together. 
  "When 
  unrestricted, 
  

   low, 
  flat, 
  beautifully 
  centred 
  stars 
  are 
  found, 
  then 
  high 
  conical 
  

   and 
  lop-sided 
  forms, 
  according 
  to 
  the 
  space 
  available. 
  The 
  Sunday 
  

   Island 
  specimens 
  were 
  compared 
  with 
  specimens 
  of 
  nivea 
  from 
  

   Lyttelton 
  Harbour, 
  and 
  also 
  in 
  Otago, 
  where 
  the 
  type 
  was 
  collected, 
  

   and 
  they 
  were 
  found 
  to 
  be 
  inseparable. 
  As 
  Hutton 
  had 
  stated 
  he 
  

   was 
  not 
  satisfied 
  that 
  his 
  species 
  was 
  distinct 
  from 
  conica, 
  Angas, 
  

   I 
  took 
  my 
  specimens 
  to 
  Sydney 
  with 
  me. 
  The 
  common 
  New 
  South 
  

   "Wales 
  species 
  I 
  collected 
  both 
  alive 
  and 
  dead, 
  and 
  found 
  it 
  quite 
  

   indistinguishable 
  from 
  these 
  shells. 
  That 
  species 
  was 
  known 
  as 
  

   Angani, 
  Dall, 
  and 
  in 
  this 
  identification 
  Mr. 
  Hedley 
  agreed. 
  The 
  

   history 
  of 
  this 
  name 
  is 
  quite 
  interesting. 
  In 
  1867 
  Angas 
  described 
  

   a 
  species 
  of 
  Gadinia 
  as 
  conica, 
  and 
  also 
  included 
  in 
  his 
  Fort 
  Jackson 
  

   List 
  of 
  Mollusca 
  pentegoniostoma, 
  Sowb., 
  and 
  quoted 
  as 
  reference 
  to 
  

   Sowerby's 
  species 
  Conch. 
  111. 
  But 
  no 
  such 
  name 
  appears 
  in 
  that 
  

   work. 
  Carpenter, 
  in 
  his 
  "Mazatlan 
  Shells", 
  1856, 
  had 
  referred 
  

   a 
  Mazatlan 
  species 
  to 
  Sowerby's 
  name, 
  but 
  could 
  not 
  find 
  where 
  

   Sowerby 
  had 
  used 
  the 
  name. 
  Apparently 
  it 
  was 
  only 
  a 
  manuscript 
  

   name. 
  Dall, 
  on 
  account 
  of 
  this 
  prior 
  use 
  by 
  Carpenter, 
  gave 
  the 
  name 
  

   Angasii 
  to 
  Angas's 
  second 
  species, 
  pointing 
  out 
  that 
  it 
  might 
  be 
  

   only 
  the 
  adult 
  form 
  of 
  conica, 
  as 
  the 
  types 
  of 
  that 
  species 
  seemed 
  

   small 
  and 
  immature. 
  In 
  1878 
  Angas 
  described 
  from 
  St. 
  Vincent's 
  

   Gulf, 
  South 
  Australia, 
  a 
  white 
  Siphonaria 
  as 
  alhida. 
  Mr. 
  Hedley 
  

   pointed 
  out 
  that 
  this 
  might 
  be 
  a 
  synonym. 
  

  

  I 
  have 
  examined 
  the 
  types 
  of 
  conica, 
  also 
  the 
  shells 
  from 
  Port 
  

   Jackson 
  labelled 
  pentegoniostoma, 
  Sowb., 
  by 
  Angas, 
  and 
  consequently 
  

   those 
  upon 
  which 
  Dall 
  founded 
  his 
  Atigasit, 
  also 
  the 
  type 
  of 
  albtda, 
  

   as 
  well 
  as 
  other 
  Australian 
  and 
  New 
  Zealand 
  specimens, 
  together 
  with 
  

   my 
  own 
  from 
  New 
  South 
  Wales, 
  New 
  Zealand, 
  and 
  the 
  Kermadecs, 
  and 
  

   find 
  that 
  they 
  must 
  all 
  be 
  referred 
  to 
  one 
  name, 
  and 
  that 
  is 
  conica, 
  Ang. 
  

  

  Philobrya 
  costata, 
  Bern. 
  

  

  Philohrya 
  cosiata, 
  F. 
  Bern., 
  Bull. 
  Nat. 
  Mus., 
  1896; 
  Journ. 
  Conch., 
  

  

  1897, 
  vol. 
  xlv, 
  p. 
  15, 
  pi. 
  i, 
  fig. 
  5 
  ; 
  p. 
  33, 
  fig. 
  7. 
  

   P. 
  Filholi, 
  Bern., 
  1897, 
  loc. 
  cit., 
  p. 
  16, 
  fig. 
  1 
  (?) 
  ; 
  p. 
  13, 
  pi. 
  i, 
  fig. 
  6. 
  

  

  That 
  Filholi, 
  Bern., 
  is 
  the 
  young 
  of 
  costata, 
  Bern., 
  seems 
  certain 
  

   from 
  tlie 
  study 
  of 
  the 
  figures 
  quoted. 
  Bernard's 
  description 
  upholds 
  

   this 
  view, 
  as 
  he 
  gives 
  exactly 
  all 
  the 
  same 
  measurements 
  for 
  his 
  two 
  

   species, 
  which 
  is 
  palpably 
  inconsistent 
  with 
  the 
  diagnoses 
  of 
  the 
  

   species. 
  As 
  the 
  figures 
  show 
  Filholi 
  to 
  be 
  a 
  smaller 
  shell 
  than 
  costata, 
  

   and 
  he 
  states 
  " 
  toutes 
  les 
  figures 
  sont 
  grossies 
  12 
  fois", 
  I 
  conclude 
  

   the 
  measurements 
  are 
  incorrect. 
  

  

  My 
  Kermadec 
  shells 
  were 
  mostly 
  valves, 
  only 
  a 
  few 
  complete 
  young 
  

   shells 
  being 
  found. 
  Some 
  agreed 
  perfectly 
  with 
  Bernard's 
  figure 
  of 
  

   Filholi, 
  though 
  others 
  varied 
  slightly 
  from 
  the 
  figures. 
  Some 
  beautiful 
  

   pink 
  valves 
  were 
  noted. 
  Hedley 
  (Proc. 
  Linn. 
  Soc. 
  N.S.W., 
  1906, 
  

   vol. 
  XXX, 
  p. 
  544, 
  pi. 
  xxxii, 
  figs. 
  14, 
  15) 
  has 
  given 
  figures 
  of 
  the 
  young 
  

   and 
  adult 
  of 
  his 
  parallelogramma, 
  which 
  seem 
  quite 
  comparable 
  with 
  

   Bernard's 
  figures 
  of 
  his 
  Filholi 
  and 
  costata. 
  

  

  