﻿JUKES-BROWIN'E 
  : 
  ON 
  NOMENCLATtJllE 
  OE 
  VENERID^. 
  243 
  

  

  Pirst, 
  then, 
  it 
  is 
  necessary 
  to 
  ascertain 
  whether 
  any 
  subsequent 
  

   author 
  has 
  designated 
  a 
  type 
  for 
  Vetms 
  in 
  accordance 
  with 
  the 
  

   provisions 
  of 
  Article 
  30 
  of 
  the 
  Rules. 
  Dr. 
  Dall, 
  in 
  the 
  publication 
  

   above 
  referred 
  to, 
  supposed 
  that 
  Lamarck 
  had 
  done 
  so 
  by 
  giving 
  

   V. 
  mercenaria 
  as 
  the 
  sole 
  example 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  as 
  understood 
  by 
  him 
  

   in 
  1799, 
  after 
  the 
  separation 
  of 
  a 
  group 
  with 
  lateral 
  teeth 
  which 
  he 
  

   then 
  called 
  Meretrix. 
  We 
  have 
  seen, 
  however, 
  that 
  the 
  citing 
  of 
  

   a 
  single 
  example 
  by 
  any 
  author 
  subsequent 
  to 
  its 
  first 
  publication 
  does 
  

   not 
  constitute 
  the 
  proper 
  selection 
  of 
  a 
  type. 
  Hence 
  Lamarck 
  did 
  not 
  

   fix 
  the 
  application 
  of 
  the 
  name 
  Venus 
  any 
  more 
  than 
  Bolten 
  did. 
  

  

  That 
  Lamarck 
  had 
  no 
  idea 
  of 
  typical 
  species, 
  and 
  no 
  intention 
  in 
  

   1799 
  of 
  citing 
  V. 
  mercenaria 
  as 
  other 
  than 
  merely 
  a 
  common 
  exemplar 
  

   of 
  the 
  genus, 
  is 
  proved 
  by 
  tlie 
  fact 
  that 
  only 
  two 
  years 
  later 
  he 
  

   published 
  his 
  Si/sUme 
  des 
  Animaux 
  Invertebrates, 
  and 
  in 
  that 
  he 
  gave 
  

   V. 
  verrucosa 
  as 
  the 
  sole 
  example 
  of 
  the 
  same 
  genus. 
  Moreover, 
  in 
  the 
  

   Preface 
  to 
  the 
  Systeme 
  of 
  1801 
  he 
  expressly 
  states 
  — 
  "j'ai 
  cite 
  sous 
  

   chacun 
  d'eux 
  (i.e. 
  des 
  genres) 
  une 
  espece 
  connue, 
  ou 
  tres 
  rarement 
  

   plusieurs, 
  et 
  j'ai 
  joint 
  quelques 
  synonyraes 
  que 
  je 
  puis 
  certifier; 
  cela 
  

   suffit 
  pour 
  me 
  faire 
  entendre." 
  

  

  Finallj", 
  in 
  his 
  Histoire 
  des 
  Anim. 
  sans 
  Vert, 
  of 
  1818, 
  where 
  he 
  gives 
  

   all 
  the 
  species 
  of 
  Venus 
  known 
  to 
  him, 
  he 
  does 
  not 
  mention 
  any 
  

   typical 
  species, 
  but 
  divides 
  the 
  whole 
  assemblage 
  into 
  two 
  groups 
  — 
  

   ( 
  1 
  ) 
  those 
  with 
  crenulated 
  margins, 
  (2) 
  those 
  with 
  smooth 
  margins. 
  

   The 
  first 
  species 
  of 
  the 
  first 
  group 
  is 
  V. 
  puerpura, 
  though, 
  of 
  course, 
  

   verrucosa 
  and 
  mercenaria 
  come 
  under 
  the 
  same 
  heading. 
  

  

  Other 
  authors 
  who 
  published 
  schemes 
  of 
  classification 
  about 
  the 
  

   same 
  time, 
  such 
  as 
  Link 
  (1807), 
  Megerle 
  (1811), 
  Cuvier 
  (1817), 
  and 
  

   Schumacher 
  (1817), 
  treated 
  the 
  Venus 
  of 
  Linnaeus 
  in 
  the 
  same 
  way, 
  

   i.e. 
  they 
  separated 
  certain 
  generic 
  groups 
  and 
  left 
  the 
  remaining 
  

   species 
  under 
  the 
  head 
  of 
  Venus. 
  Even 
  Megerle, 
  who 
  gives 
  V. 
  dione 
  

   as 
  the 
  sole 
  example 
  of 
  his 
  restricted 
  genus, 
  evidently 
  meant 
  it 
  to 
  

   include 
  the 
  same 
  group 
  of 
  species 
  which 
  Lamarck 
  had 
  already 
  called 
  

   Ileretrix, 
  i.e. 
  all 
  the 
  species 
  which 
  were 
  not 
  included 
  in 
  his 
  Chione, 
  

   Tapes, 
  Trigo7ia, 
  and 
  other 
  genera 
  which 
  he 
  had 
  separated 
  from 
  the 
  

   Venus 
  of 
  Linnoeus. 
  

  

  For 
  many 
  years 
  after 
  the 
  publication 
  of 
  Lamarck's 
  Histoire 
  des 
  

   Anim. 
  sans 
  Vert, 
  most 
  conchologists 
  simply 
  accepted 
  the 
  genera 
  

   founded 
  by 
  him, 
  but 
  in 
  1838 
  J. 
  E. 
  Gray 
  published 
  a 
  "Catalogue 
  of 
  

   the 
  Species 
  of 
  the 
  genus 
  Cijtherea",^ 
  subdividing 
  it 
  into 
  sections 
  or 
  

   subgenera 
  for 
  which 
  he 
  adopted 
  some 
  of 
  the 
  names 
  proposed 
  by 
  the 
  

   authors 
  above 
  mentioned, 
  and 
  employed 
  a 
  new 
  one 
  of 
  his 
  own 
  {Bosina) 
  

   for 
  the 
  jmerpura 
  and 
  verrucosa 
  group 
  ; 
  but 
  he 
  did 
  not 
  then 
  attempt 
  to 
  

   define 
  the 
  genus 
  Venus. 
  

  

  In 
  1847, 
  however. 
  Gray 
  made 
  an 
  attempt 
  to 
  determine 
  the 
  types 
  of 
  

   all 
  the 
  genera 
  of 
  MoUusca 
  recognized 
  by 
  him 
  at 
  that 
  date.- 
  This 
  was 
  

   a 
  praiseworthy 
  endeavour 
  to 
  establish 
  these 
  genera 
  on 
  a 
  proper 
  basis, 
  

   but 
  unfortunately 
  he 
  was 
  rather 
  arbitrary 
  in 
  his 
  selection 
  of 
  types, 
  

  

  ^ 
  The 
  Analyst, 
  vol. 
  viii, 
  p. 
  302. 
  

   '^ 
  Proc. 
  Zool. 
  See, 
  1847, 
  p. 
  183. 
  

  

  