198 PROF. ST.-GEORGE MIVART ON THE ZLUROIDEA. [Feb. 7, 
(30) The proportional length of the limbs to the body is shorter 
than even in F. eyra. : 
(31) The muzzle is large in proportion to the cranium. — 
(32) The dentition may or may not be markedly sectorial. 
(33) The tail is almost always long, but may be short (Cynogale); 
but it is never so rudimentary as in the Lynxes. 
(34) Clitoris never traversed by urogenital canal. 
(35) Dorsal vertebree never more than fourteen. 2 
(36) Postorbital processes generally developed, rarely enclosing 
orbit posteriorly. 
(37) Paroccipital processes depending or not. 
(38) Mastoid prominent or not. 
(39) There may be a conspicuous carotid foramen (deeply notching 
the sphenoid) in the basis cranii, for the entrance of the carotid 
into the cranial cavity. 
(40) Nose and upper lip generally medianly grooved, but not 
always so. 
(41) Palate not much, moderately, or much prolonged behind 
molars. 
(42) Pterygoid fossa present or absent. 
(43) Size of species generally moderate or small, sometimes very 
small—the smallest of the Aluroidea. 
The Hyznas form three well-marked species, whereof one (cro- 
cuta) is so much more distinct from its geographical ally (1. brunnea) 
than is the latter from the third form, H. striata, that I think 
it should rank asa distinct genus. H. striata is found in India, 
Persia, Asia Minor, and North Africa. The other two Hyeenas are 
South-African only. 
The anatomy of the genus (besides the notices in Cuvier and 
Meckel) has been given in part by Hunter (‘Essays and Observations,’ 
vol. ii. p. 57), by Cuvier and Daubenton (Hist. Nat. ix. p. 268, 
pls. 25-30), by Dr. Murie (Trans. Zool. Soe. vol. vii. p. 503, pl. 63), 
and by Dr. Watson (P. Z. 8. 1877, p. 369, pls. 40 & 41; P.Z.S. 
1878, p. 416, pls. 24 & 25; and P. Z.S. 1879, p. 79, pls. 5 & 6). 
In Hyena the muzzle is medianly grooved beneath. The hair is 
harsh and long, and forms a sort of mane along the middle of the back. 
There are but five digits either in front or behind. The legs are 
rather long, behind as well as in front. The tarsus and metatarsus 
are both hairy. Each foot has a single palmar or plantar naked 
pad, and one such pad to each toe. The claws are blunt and non- 
retractile, rather long, but not as we find them in the Herpestine. 
The body is either greyish or brownish, with blackish bands extend- 
ing vertically on each side of the body and horizontally on the limbs, 
or is more or less uniformly brownish. The ears are erect and very 
long and pointed, such as exist in none of the Felide or Viverride. 
There is an anal pouch, with two (H. striata) or three! (H. brunnea) 
pairs of anal glands on each side of the rectum ; and in one, if not 
' Dr. Murie, J. c. p. 506. 
