1882.] PROF. ST.-GEORGE MIVART ON THE ZLUROIDEA. 199 
in both species, there is a transverse band of isolated follicles at the 
bottom of the anal pouch. 
The penis is long and pendulous, and entirely devoid of any bone. 
There are fifteen dorsal vertebrae. 
The cranium of Hyena differs from every Viverrine cranium by its 
enormous sagittal and lambdoidal ridges, and strong and greatly 
arched zygomata. The general type of its construction is Viverrine, 
though there is no alisphenoid canal or septum between the anterior 
and posterior portions of the auditory bulla. As to the first point, 
we have seen that the canal is generally wanting in Viverricula, and 
constantly so in the Galidictine and Eupleres. As to the auditory 
bulla, it is interesting to note that the aperture between the chambers 
is enlarged in the Herpestine (which by their circumanal pouch 
resemble the Hyenide) ; and though there is no septum, yet I have 
detected in both species of Hyena, inside the auditory bulla, two 
osseous ridges or lamine, which if further developed would divide off 
a small anterior chamber from the much larger and externally more 
prominent posterior portion. The anterior portion of the margin of 
the external opening of the auditory meatus (which has no fissure or 
foramen in its floor)is much more produced than any other part—an 
exaggeration of a character we have already seen in the Herpestine. 
There is no pterygoid fossa. The postorbital processes are short and 
blunt, and widely separated from the malar processes. The skull 
is not pinched in behind them. The condyloid foramen is concealed. 
The paroccipital is long and depending. The mastoid is rather 
prominent. The carotid canal is much more Viverrine than Feline : 
its posterior opening is always larger, and generally situated much 
more anteriorly than in the Felide, and more approaching its situa- 
tion in the Viverrine. There is no carotid foramen in the sphe- 
noid; but it enters the cranium (beside the hinder end of the sella 
turcica) through the foramen lacerum, and covered in by the auditory 
bulla. The palate is much prolonged behind the last molars. The 
lower border of the mandible is much curved ; the angle is flattened 
along its inferior border, and is pressed up nearer to the condyle 
than in Felis or in any other Mluroid I have seen—Nandinia (which 
also has rather strongly developed cranial ridges) being most like it 
in this respect, except, of course, Crocuta and Proteles. 
The teeth of Hyena’ are so well known that I hesitate to re- 
describe them ; but I feel any utility this paper may possess would 
be greatly impaired if their resemblances and differences to other 
luroids, and especially to the Cats, were not shortly noted in it. 
The outer upper incisors are canine-like, and much more preponde- 
rant over the inner ones thanin the Cats, The canines, on the other 
hand (both above and below), are relatively shorter, more flattened 
internally, and without longitudinal grooves either outside or inside. 
™-* is relatively larger than in Felis (though I have observed it to be 
' Figured by De Blainville (Hyénes, pl. vi.) and Ouvier (Dents des Mamm, 
pl. 25). For osteology, see Cuvier’s ‘Ossemens Fossiles, 4th edition (1835), 
vol. vii. p. 311, and Atlas, vol. ii. pl. 190. 
