1882.] DR. GADOW ON THE ANATOMY OF PTEROCLES. 321 
M. flew. perforans et perforatus dig. 11.—The strong and fleshy 
belly of this muscle arises with a short tendon from the hinder plane 
of the intercondyloid region ; it passes through a special canal in the 
susceptaculum, and is one of the deepest muscles. It is inserted into 
the cap. phal. 1. dig. 1. 
The m. flew. profundus s. communis digitorum consists of two 
principal heads. The ow¢er one arises with fleshy fibres from the 
fibula and is partly fused with the m. tibialis; its strong tendon 
passes the intertarsal joint superficially to the susceptaculum, and is 
only covered by the tendo Achillis ; it passes the pulley on its outer 
or lateral, not on its ventral or posterior margin. The inner or chief 
head takes its origin from the hinder plane of the greater part of 
the tibia ; its tendon runs as the deepest of all through the pulley, 
and then unites with that of the outer head; the tendon then 
divides into three, each of which is inserted into the basis of the 
last or distal phalanx of the 11., 111., or Iv. digit. 
Although Pterocles possesses a rudimentary hallux, which consists 
of two very small bones not articulated with the metatarsus, there 
was no trace of am. flewor hallucis longus to be found. But there 
was am. flewor hallucis brevis, which arose from the hinder aspect of 
rather more than the upper two thirds of the tarso-metatarsal bone, 
and was inserted into the cap. phal. 1. dig. 1. 
An abductor brevis. dig. 1v. and an abductor brevis dig. 11. were 
likewise present—the former pulling the fourth toe inwards, 7. e. 
towards, the latter drawing the second the away from the middle 
one. Both consequently move these two toes tibiad, and are mor- 
phologically abductors. 
For the m. flexor brevis dig. 111. see note, § 4. 
Note.—Mr. Forbes has kindly drawn my attention to Mr. A. Has- 
well’s paper “ Notes on the Anatomy of Birds. III. The myological 
characters of the Columbide,” in Proc. Linn. Soc. New South Wales, 
1880, p. 306 ; and has expressed grave doubts about the correctness 
of some of the statements made in it. Mr. Haswell, at the end of 
his paper, mentions five points ‘which seem to be especially charac- 
teristic of the family.’’ But I find that of the five points, one is 
totally incorrect, and three others, viz. nos. 3, 4, 5, are not charac- 
teristic of the Columbidee. These points are :— 
1. The absence of a posterior belly of the m. latissimus dorsi. 
Mr. Forbes and I, on examining the following birds, which were at 
hand—Carpophaga, Chalcophaps, and Columba—found this muscle 
consisting of two bellies, the posterior one being just as well developed 
in these Pigeons as in Astur, arising from the anterior margin of the 
ilium and trom the last dorsal vertebrae, and inserted by means of a 
tendon below that of the anterior belly into the humerus. Through- 
out their whole length the two bellies were connected by a fascia. 
3. The absence of the m. glut. externus and the presence of 
the adductores brevis et longus, the semitendinosus and semimem- 
branosus. Now the m. gluteus externus (=glut. anteriom) is gene- 
rally very small, but plainly visible in many birds, such as Pigeons, 
Passerine birds, &c., and not absent as stated by Mr. Haswell. 
22* 
