350 MR. W. A. FORBES ON THE TRACHEA OF [Apr. 4, 
simple loop, extending, in the first two species, onto the pectoral 
muscles, but confined in J. atra to the interclavicular area. 
As regards the occurrence of convoluted trachee in the class 
Aves generally, it may be useful to give as complete a list as is in my 
power of all the hitherto recorded instances. Pavesi has already 
(l.e, vi. pp. 317, 318) given such a list, compiled from various 
authors; but the opportunities for observation of my predecessor 
and myself have enabled me to give, as will be seen below, a much 
fuller and more complete one. I have endeavoured to state exactly 
in what species this convolution has been observed, or has been 
found to be absent, as well as to state precisely the sexes of the 
individuals presenting the peculiarities. Unless otherwise stated, 
the observation has been made by Prof. Garrod or myself. 
A. The convolutions of the trachea are superficial, lying beneath the 
skin, extending often more or less onto the pectoral, or even 
abdominal, muscles. 
OscINES. 
Phonygama keraudreni. ¢ {Lesson, Pavesi, Meyer]. [Probably 
2 also. } 
—— gouldi. 3 : present, much less developed (sometimes absent) 
in Q. 
Manucodia chalybeata. ¢ [Pavesi, Meyer]. 
-_— jobiensis. ¢. [Condition in 2 not known. ] 
——atra. $. (Condition in 2 not known. | 
At present it has been found in the males only of these three 
species, and, as already indicated, is, from Beccari’s observations on 
M. chalybeata, probably absent altogether in the females. 
Fam. ANATID. 
In the males of Anseranas melanoleuca the trachea forms a very 
extensive double loop, extending to quite the end of the pectoral 
muscles. The female has simply a slight bend in the neck- 
Fam. ScOLOPACID. 
The females only of Rhynchea australis [according to Gould] 
have a convoluted trachea, forming several folds on the pectoral 
muscles, and extending onto the abdomen. In the males it is 
simple’. 
In R. capensis, as Mr. Wood-Mason has lately shown (P. Z.S. 
1878, pp. 745-751, pl. xlvii.), the mature females only have a 
slightly extrathoracic loop, the trachea of the younger females and 
of the males being quite simple. 
' Two specimens showing different degrees of development of this structure 
may be seen mounted in the Hunterian Museum (Preps. 1156, D & BE). 
