1882.] MR. H.J. ELWES ON BUJTERFLIES FROM SIKKIM. 399 
allied to or identical with others found in Ladak or in Europe. 
Four of these were only known hefore in Ladak, at a distance of 
about $00 miles from Sikkim; but as the intermediate country is 
unexplored, they probably occur all along the Himalayan frontier 
of Tibet. 
On a future occasion I propose to compare the Butterflies of 
Palearctic genera found in the Himalaya more closely with their 
European and N.-Asiatic congeners; but in the meantime I will 
enumerate those species which are of special interest in this collection, 
as I have no doubt that the number of species now received forms 
but a small proportion to those which exist at high elevations in the 
South-eastern Himalaya. 
PAPILIO MACHAON, var. ASTATICA, Mén. Cat. Mus. Petr. i. p. 70. 
A very large number of this species in good condition, and varying 
but very slightly amongst each other. The type in Sikkim, where 
the species is found at 8000-10,000 feet elevation, is darker and more 
heavily marked than in Europe, smaller and more uniform in colour 
than in Japan. It closely resembles on the upperside Papilio zoli- 
caon of California, but differs considerably from that species or 
variety beneath. 
Specimens from Nepal agree with those from Sikkim ; but those 
from the North-west and Kashmir seem nearer to the European form 
in tint. 
PARNASSIUS EPAPHUS. 
P. epaphus, Oberthiir, Et. Ent. livr. iv. p. 23 (1879). 
P. jacquemontii, Gray, Cat. Lep. Brit. Mus. p. 76, t. xii. figs. 1, 2. 
This species has lately been distinguished by M. Oberthiir from 
P. jacquemonti ; but it is extremely difficult to say whether it is really 
distinct or not. 
I have seen four specimens in the British Museum and three in 
the Hewitson collection, all that exist in England to my knowledge. 
These agree very well with each other and with Gray’s figures. 
They are probably from the same part of Ladak, at an elevation of 
16,000 feet, and perhaps were all taken by the same person, Major 
Charlton. 
They differ from P.jacquemonti of Boisduval in being smaller and 
in the shape of the fore wings, which are narrower and more pointed. 
As arule there are no red spots at the anal angle of the hind wing, 
though this is not a character of much importance. The antennz are 
distinctly ringed and the fiinges distinctly spotted. 
PARNASSIUS EPAPHUS, Var. SIKKIMENSIS, n. var, (Plate XXY. 
figs. 4, 5.) 
I have now received from Sikkim fourteen specimens of a form 
which probably represents the same species in this part of the Hima- 
laya, and which are distinguished principally by the smaller size, 
and by the broad white fringes distinctly marked at the end of each 
