1882.] ANATOMY OF THE TODIES. 445 
The triceps is Y-shaped at its scapular origin, and receives no 
tendinous slip from the humerus. 
The construction of the syrinx may be best understood from an 
inspection of the accompanying figures (p. 444), representing the an- 
terior (A) and posterior (B) views of that of Todus dominicensis. The 
trachea terminates below in an ossified bony box, formed of three 
or four modified rings (probably bronchial) fused together, as is very 
evident in the posterior view: as may also be seen there, the two 
preceding tracheal rings are coossified with this box in the middle 
line posteriorly, though in front they are quite free from it. The 
box is deeply notched in front, a narrow pessular bar running back- 
wards from the apex of the notch, forming a three-way piece. The 
bronchial semirings succeeding the box have the normal character. 
The lateral muscle of the trachea continues downwards to terminate 
just on the upper limits of this syringeal box. The syrinx of Todus 
viridis is constructed on exactly the same plan. 
Comparing these figures with those of Momotus lessoni given by 
Garrod ', it will be seen that Todus differs from Momotus in its syrin- 
geal box being deeply notched anteriorly, and much more perfect 
posteriorly, the two parts being united by a pessular bar unrepre- 
sented in Momotus. In fact it resembles that of the Alcedinidee or 
Galbulidee rather than that of the Momotide. The chief difference 
from the former is that in the Alcedinide the intrinsic muscle, 
often very broad, passes down over the syringeal box to be inserted 
on one or more of the movable bronchial semirings, instead of 
ceasing before doing so, as in Todus. In Galdula there is a bony 
box nearly similar to that of Todus, but with its sides more strongly 
concave below, and produced downwards anteriorly into strongly 
projecting points; the lateral muscle only passes on to the lower 
margin of the box, thus stopping short, as in Z’odus and Momotus, of 
the movable bronchial semirings. 
As regards the pterylosis, there is a strange oversight on the part of 
Nitzsch? and Murie * as to the condition of the oil-gland, both these 
observers stating it to be nude. In fact it is, in all the four species 
of the genus, provided with a very well developed, and even long, 
tuft of plumes, therein completely differing from that of the Momo- 
tidee, in which the tuft is either altogether absent or quite rudimen- 
tary*. In both 7. viridis and T. dominicensis I count twenty 
remiges, ten being secondaries ; Niizsch and Murie give nine, having 
apparently failed to observe the most proximal, smallest one. Nitzsch’s 
figure of the pterylosis in Jodus, having nearly certainly been con- 
structed from an examination of the skins only, is not quite accurate— 
it making the outer pectoral branch to the inferior tract too markedly 
divergent, and not showing the weaker lines of contour-feathers that 
run from its apex to the hypopterum. The connexion between the 
dilated part of the main pectoral tract as it passes on to the breast 
and the patagial feathering is also made unduly important in his 
figure, this connexion in reality consisting only of some slight, scattered, 
1 Lie. p. 428. 3 Lc. p, 679. 
2 * Pterylography,’ Ray Soe. ed. p. 88. * Cf. Garrod, J. ¢, p. 427. 
