1882. ] HISTORY OF FRANZ-JOSEF LAND. 655 
November 1881...........0-> 2 Bears. 
December _,, 
January <ORS82 47's. Fo eta { é rts K 
CRE RI Soa inh iniate scalace guia 1 Bear. 
March Th Ra ciiokersie.e. eeeatets 8 Bears. 
April { 4 Bears. 
93: pele oe aie se om elfurelere 50 Looms. 
Ma 3 Bears. 
Y ” S a of DO leia) ¢ ©. m8, 6 6 ale 370 Looms. 
1 Bear. 
June i ens CID OBO 5 Walrus. 
250 Looms. 
July », (During boat-journey.) 2 Bears. 
On nearing Cape Crowther in July 1881, Walruses were seen 
on loose pieces of ice in great numbers ; sometimes twenty or more 
were counted lying huddled up on one small piece. By going 
quietly in a boat you could get within 20 or 30 yards of them before 
they took much notice of you; but after the first shot was fired they 
tumbled into the water, and would go swimming about and barking 
round the boat, but never attacked us. 
In September we saw great numbers of Walruses on the loose ice near 
the land ; near Bell Island they were in great quantities ; and off Cape 
Flora they were in great schools in the water. On October 28th 
five Walruses were shot on the edge of the ground-ice in front of our 
hut; there were also great numbers in the water at that time of 
the year. Upto the end of February Walruses were constantly seen 
swimming about in the water; and on January 24th three were 
shot at the edge of the ground-ice near the hut. In March the 
land-floe formed, and no open water existed within 7 or 8 miles of 
the land ; but on going up the hill, Walruses could be seen by means 
of a glass swimming in the water. 
On June 13th a strong N.W. gale broke up the land-floe; and on 
June 15th five Walruses were shot on the loose ice in the Sound. 
The Walruses never left the country ; and we never saw any signs 
of their taking the land. No remains of bones were seen anywhere 
on the land. 
White Whales and Narwhals were seen in great numbers in Septem- 
ber and October travelling S.E.; and in June some large schools were 
seen travelling westward and north-west. 
Foxes (Canis lagopus) were constantly troubling us during the 
winter ; they would come close up to the house, and soon got so tame 
that it was difficult to frighten them away from our blubber. We 
shot one White Fox (female) and a Grey Fox (male) during the 
winter. One or two Grey Foxes were seen during the winter with 
patches of white onthem. No Black Fox was seen. In the autumn 
the Foxes were very quick in catching the Looms, especially the young 
ones, when they were first brought down to the water. Two or 
Proc. Zoou. Soc.—1882, No. XLIV. 44 
