1882. ] MR. W. N. PARKER ON THE INDIAN TAPIR. 771 
The right and left central lobes were only partially separated from 
one another, the umbilical fissure extending only a short way down 
on the anterior side. The margin of the left central lobe presented 
several small notches towards its right side. Both right and left 
lateral lobes were large ; and there was a considerable caudate lobe, 
projecting from the outer side of which there was a small leaf-like 
minor lobe. There was no lobus Spigelii; in Dr. Murie’s figure a 
large one is shown, but no caudate; he states that a small lobule 
lying on the vena cava might represent the latter. 
There is no gall-bladder ; and the bile-duct opens on a papilla into 
the duodenum about 3 inches from the pylorus. A separate pancre- 
atic duct opens about 33 inches further back. 
The spleen is elongated and flattened ; it measured | foot long, 
and about 4 inches broad in the widest part. 
It has usually been stated that the intestinal canal is much shorter 
iu the American than in the Indian Tapir; but the measurements 
given by different anatomists vary so much that it is impossible to 
make any very definite statements on the subject. Murie gives a 
table comparing the measurements by himself, Home, Poelman, 
Owen, and Turner’; and maintains that the length of the alimentary 
canal depends quite as much on age, sex, &c. as on mere specific di- 
stinction. Adding to these measurements those by Yarrell *, Cantor, 
and myself *, they give the following results:—In both species the 
intestine is longer in the adult male than in the adult female, but 
longer in the latter than in the young male. It is longer in the 
adult male Indian Tapir than in the adult male American, but longer 
in the latter than in the female Indian. But, on the other hand, 
there is a difference of over 20 feet between Home’s and Poelman’s 
measurements in adult Indian males; and this seems to show that 
the intestinal length varies so greatly as to be of comparatively little 
importance as a specific distinction. 
Well-marked velvuli conniventes, about 3 inch apart, and covered 
with close-set villi, extend through about the first 18 feet of the small 
intestine, after which they gradually fade off, the mucous membrane 
of the rest of the ileum being smooth. The distribution of these 
valvulee differs very much from what occurs in 7’. americanus, in 
which Owen states that they only extend 4 or 5 inches from the 
pylorus. 
Peyer’s patches were numerous but small, some reaching to 1 inch 
in length, but the average size being about } inch, 
The cecum (fig. 3, p. 772) resembles that of the Rhinoceros. 
Three muscular bands extend down it ; and between these it is saccu- 
lated. The colon, which is sacculated on either side of two muscular 
bands, forms a loop, and then passes insensibly into the rectum, which 
nearly resembles it in structure. The mucous membrane of the 
1 Proce. Zool. Soc. 1850, p. 102. 
2 “ Observations on the Tapir of America,” Zool. Journal, yol. iv. 1828, p. 210. 
% The small intestine was 40 feet 9 inches long, the large intestine 5 feet 
6 inches, and the cecum LO inches, measuring from the apex to the entrance of 
the ileum, 
