136 DR. GWYN JEFFREYS ON THE MOLLUSCA OF THE [Feb. 19, 



9. SCALARIA CLATHRATULA, Adams. 



Turbo clathratulus, Adams on the Microscope, t. 14. f. 19. 



S. clathratula, B. C. iv. p. 9(5 ; v. p. 210, pi. Ixxi. f. 5. 



'Porcupine' Exp. 18/0 : Atl. St. 2, 3, 3a, 9, Vigo B., 16 (and 

 var. producta), 17a, 26-29 (and var. spinosa), 30, Tangier B., 

 Gibraltar B. ; Med. Benzert Road. 



Distribution. Bohuslan, Sbetland to the Channel Isles, France, 

 Spain, Portugal, Italy, Algeria, Morocco, Madeira, and New 

 England; 0-681 fins. Apparently not Belgium, as stated by M. 

 de Malzine under the name of S. pulchella of Philippi and Kiener. 



Fossil. Pliocene : English and Belgian Crags, Biot, Nice, Monte 

 Mario, and Messina. Not Miocene, as S. clathratula of Homes, 

 which is evidently a different species. 



This was confounded by me as well as by many other writers with 

 8. pulchella of Bivona. That species attains to a larger size and is 

 proportionately broader ; the ribs are much more numerous and 

 crowded, and their interstices are closely and regularly striated in a 

 spiral direction. Neither Bivona nor Philippi noticed the spiral 

 striae. The present species is S. soluta of Tiberi (Journ. de Conch. 

 1863), and S. dalliana of Verrill and Smith. 



The variety spinosa from Stations 26 to 29 of the 1870 Expedi- 

 tion has a spine at the top of each rib below the suture. It is 

 analogous to the variety loveni of $. grtenlandica. Other species 

 and varieties are also crested in the same manner. In some speci- 

 mens of the present species the ribs are more numerous than in 

 others. The variety producta from Station 16 of the same Expe- 

 dition has a longer spire and twice the usual number of ribs. 



10. Scalaria frondosa, J. & J. D. C. Sowerby. 



S. frondosa, Min. Conch, vol. vi. (1829), p. 149, t. 577. f. 1. 

 <S. soluta, Tiberi in J. de Conch. (1868), pi. vi. f. 3. 

 'Porcupine' Exp. 1870: Atl. St. 17, 24, 26-29, 36; Med. 

 Rasel Amoush, Adventure Bank, 58. 



Distribution. Bay of Biscay {de Fo/in), throughout the Mediter- 

 ranean (Tiberi anil others), off Madeira ('Travailleur ' Exp. 1882) ; 

 20-547 fins. 



Fossil. Pliocene : Red and Coralline Crag, and from Piacenza to 

 Ficarazzi in Italy. Probably not the Antwerp Crag as S. frondosa 

 of Nyst. 



To show the number of synonyms which encumber certain species 

 like the present, being peculiar and not generally known, I may 

 instance the following as appertaining to S. frondosa: — S. Celesti, 

 Aradas, S. pumila, Libassi, »S'. rugosa, Costa, &. crispa, Scacchi (not 

 Lamarck), £>'. eccimia, v. Pecchioli, £. Pecchioliuna, Issel, and S. 

 Gravitellensis, Seguenza, besides S. soluta, Tiberi (1S68, not 1863). 

 S.foliacea of Searies Wood appears to be a variety of the present 

 specks. I have already alluded to the possibility of Risso's bad 

 figure of his S. muricata being intended to represent S. frondosa ; 

 Risso's publication was three years older than Sowerby's. 



