100 DR. S. F. HARMER ON CERVUS BELGRANDI FROM 
pedicles is wide (3 inches) and the pedicles are much more horizontally placed than 
in C. dama, to which the species appears to be related; they pass with an even curve 
into the top of the frontal, whereas in another specimen of C. belgrandi in the Cam- 
bridge collection they make a distinct angle with the frontal and are somewhat more 
vertical. The pedicles are nearly cylindrical above, but have a sharp ridge descending 
from their outer borders to the posterior margin of the orbit; their bases are deeply 
hollowed out behind, as in other species of Cervus. Below the pedicles, the skull has 
a median ridge, with a marked depression on either side of it, thus differing from a 
part of a skull described by Boyd Dawkins!. The posterior part of the parietals 
(apparently just in front of the suture with the occipital) has a round foramen nearly 
in the middle line, and a smaller one slightly to the left side of it and rather further 
forwards (the other side being here injured). I have found a similar vacuity in the 
roof of the skull in another Forest-Bed specimen which I refer to C. savini Dawk. 
The transverse occipital crest is strongly marked, in correlation with the great size of 
the antlers, and the occipital surface is nearly vertical. Ventrally there is a very deep 
emargination between the condyles. There was apparently a large supra-orbital 
foramen, but the skull is deficient in this region. 
The specimens of the Irish Deer (C. giganteus) in the Cambridge collection differ 
from the above in having much shorter and less marked pedicles, in the comparatively 
slight median ridge on the frontals and their more depressed character in this region, 
and in the smaller size of the supra-orbital foramen. The vertex of the skull, between 
the two pedicles, is less raised in C. belgrandi, the roof of the skull of which is practi- 
cally flat from the front of the occipital crest to a point between the two pedicles. In 
the Irish Deer, on the contrary, the skull between the pedicles is much higher than 
the most prominent part of the occipital crest, from which it is separated by a distinct 
concavity. A striking difference, which appears to me of some importance, is that 
whereas in C. giganteus the vascular grooves on the beam of the antlers have a markedly 
spiral course, those of C. belgrandi run quite straight up the beams. The race of 
C. giganteus found in the Barrington River-gravel agrees with the Irish Deer in this 
respect. 
The occurrence of the atlas and axis vertebree associated with the skull is of special 
interest. Their size is not far short of that of the corresponding vertebre in an 
articulated specimen of the Irish Deer in the Woodwardian Museum at Cambridge, 
the spread of whose antlers is 8 feet 4 inches. This is brought out in the tables of 
measurements which follow. I have noted the following differences between the two 
forms, although some of them may be no more than individual peculiarities. 
In the Artas:—The neural arch is flatter above in C. giganteus, while it rises 
externally more abruptly on the dorsal surface in C. belgrandi. The tip of the 
1 Pal. Soc., ¢. cit. p. 28. 
