106 DR. S. F. HARMER ON CERVUS BELGRANDI FROM 
recently defined several forms of the latter species, which are accepted with certain 
modifications by Lydekker!. ‘Taking the nomenclature of the latter, we have 
1. Cervus giganteus carnutorum Laug., of which C. verticornis is regarded as a synonym. 
C. verticornis occurs typically in the Forest-Bed (early Pleistocene), and C. carnutorum in 
beds of equivalent age in France. Boyd Dawkins records the occurrence of one specimen 
of C. verticornis in the Pliocene (Red Crag). 
2. C. giganteus belgrandi Lart., from the Mid-Pleistocene of France and Germany. 
38. C. giganteus italie Pohl., from similar and later deposits of Italy, Hungary, &c. 
4. C. giganteus ruffi Nehr. (=C. euryceros germanie Pohl.), the typical German race, found 
also in other parts of the Continent and in England, contemporaneously with the Cave-Bear, 
although first recorded from the Mid-Pleistocene. 
5. C. giganteus typicus Lyd. (= C- euryceros hibernia Pohl.), the Irish Deer, the most recent form. 
The conclusion that C. verticornis is a synonym of C. carnutorum appears to me in 
the highest degree doubtful. The latter, found at Saint-Prest, near Chartres, was 
described by Laugel ? from some upper molars, some portions of the antlers, a metatarsal, 
and a lumbar vertebra, which were all believed to belong to one species, comparable in 
point of size with the Irish Deer. Laugel does not figure the antlers, but he calls 
attention to the fact that their bases are remarkably approximated. The crown was 
probably palmated, and is believed to have borne about five curved snags, the longest 
of which measured 26 cm. ‘These characters are quite sufficient to show the difference 
between Laugel’s species and C. verticornis, even without the illustrated account of the 
Saint-Prest fossils which has been given by Gervais®. From this memoir it appears that 
the vertex of the skull of C. carnutorum is much raised, so as to resemble that of the 
“ Antilope Bubale” ; this being an important difference between it and the Forest-Bed 
Stag. The antlers are closely approximated at their bases (cf. pl. xvi. fig. 4 of Gervais) 
and diverge from one another at an acute angle. An equally striking feature of this 
species is that, when looked at from in front, the brow-tine appears to originate from 
the outer outline of the beam, while that of C. delgrandi, viewed from the same 
aspect, appears to spring from the inner outline. 
Professor Boyd Dawkins and Mr. E. T. Newton‘ have, however, referred several 
fragments from the Norwich Crag, and possibly from the Forest-Bed, to C. carnutorum. 
I am not prepared to express any opinion with regard to these specimens. 
Iam indebted to Professor Boyd Dawkins for a letter in which he informs me that 
he is inclined to regard his Cervus verticornis (1872) as identical with C. belgrandi 
(Lartet) Belgrand (1869), and for the further information that the type-specimens of 
the latter are no longer in existence. C. belgrandi was described in Belgrand’s work 
1 T. cit. pp. 1384-141. * Bull. Soc. Géol. France, (2) xix, 1862, p. 711. 
* « Zool, et Paléont. Générales.—Nouy. Recherches sur les Vertébrés Vivants et Fossiles,” 1° sér. 1867-1869, 
p. 84, pl. xvi. figs. 3-8. 
* For references, see HE. T. Newton, “The Vertebrata of the Pliocene Deposits of Britain,” Mem. Geol. 
Survey, 1891, p. 26. 
