234 MR. W. P. PYCRAFT ON THE MORPHOLOGY AND 
its greatest development rather below the middle of the humerus. ‘There is a feebly 
developed ectepicondylar process. 
The radiale is well-developed ; the ulnare is reduced to a small nodule. 
In Dromeus, Casuarius, and Apteryx the wing has undergone extreme reduction. 
In Dromeus the length of the whole wing is scarcely longer than the skull. The 
length of the extended forearm and hand is about equal to the length of the humerus. 
The manus is considerably shorter than the forearm. There is no distinguishable 
carpal region, and the radius is anchylosed with the fused carpo-metacarpal mass, The 
metacarpals and phalanges have all fused into one indistinguishable rod of bone. The 
pectoral crest is but faintly represented. 
There is a small subtrochanteric fossa, into which opens several pneumatic foramina. 
In the skeleton of D. ater which I have had for examination the wing is 
wanting. Judging from the measurements given in Milne-Edwards’s memoir, how- 
ever, it seems to have been smaller relatively than in D. nove-hollandiw. From the 
vestigial character of the coracoid grooves one would have expected a much greater 
difference. 
In Casuarius the wing, strangely enough, though relatively smaller than in Dromeus, 
is yet less degenerate. The proportions of the brachium, ante-brachium, and manus 
are much the same as in Dromeus. 
In the adult, the three metacarpals can be plainly made out. That of the pollex 
is vestigial. Only one phalanx appears to be represented—that of the 1. metacarpal, 
and this is but a vestige. The radiale has anchylosed with the radius, but is still 
distinguishable. There appears to be no ulnare. The humerus has the pectoral crest 
more strongly developed than in any other Palewognathew. The subtrochanteric fossa, 
smaller in Dromeus, is very large in Casuarius. 
In a nestling Caswarius, a radiale, ulnare, and distal tarsal mass are plainly 
distinguishable. 
In Apteryx the degeneration of the wing has reached a stage somewhat intermediate 
between that of Dromeus and Casuarius. In the relatively great length of the 
humerus, however, it differs from both and resembles Rhea. The extended ante- 
brachium and manus are only a little more than half the length of the humerus. 
The radius is shorter than the ulna. 
The carpus and manus, as both Parker and Beddard have already pointed out, are 
extremely variable. In A. haastii Parker found an ulnare, radiale, and a fairly distinct 
metacarpale m1. In A. australis there are no distinct carpals, but traces are dis- 
tinguishable of three metacarpals. The index has two or three phalanges, the last 
terminating in a claw. In A. oweni the radiale appears to be always distinguishable. 
The manus appears to vary most, according to Beddard, in the matter of degeneracy, 
in A. australis mantelli. 
In an embryo of Apteryx australis, T. J. Parker found, not only a separate radiale, 
