108 DR. GWYN JEFFREYS ON THE MOLLUSCA OF THE [Mar. 6, 



fresh-looking, and all have evidently lived and died on the spots 

 where they occurred. 



Distribution. W. Norway (M. Sars, Asbjorvsen, Friele, Norman, 

 and J. G. J.), Cape Breton {de Folin), N. Spain (' Travailleur ' Exp.), 

 Mediterranean, Adriatic, and Madeira; 20-250 fms. Submarine 

 Telegraph-Cable between Cagliari and Bona; 1 100-1500 fms. ? 



Monodonta tinei, Calcara (1839), M. limbata, PhiHppi (1844), 

 Trochus bilabiatus,Vh\\. inMartini and Chemnitz ed. Kiister(1846). 

 Young and fry : T. horridus and Heliciella costellata, O. G. Costa. 

 It will thus be seen that this remarkable and widely dispersed shell 

 has been placed in five different genera, to which must be added 

 Craspedotus of Philippi (184 7) and Danilia of Brusina (1864). It 

 is true that Olivia was proposed by Bertolini in 1810 for a genus of 

 Polygastrica ; but there is no probability of any confusion arising 

 on that account, because these classes of the Invertebrata are so 

 widely separated. 



Family VIII. Turbinid^e. 



1. Turbo rugosus, L. S. N. p. 1234: Chemn. Conch. Cab. 

 V. t. 180. f. 1782-85 ; young (as T. calcar), f. 1786, 7. 



'Porcupine* Exp. 1870: Atl. St. 36; Med. Algesiras B., Ben- 

 zert Road. 



Distribution. Coasts of S.W. France and N. Spain, throughout 

 the Mediterranean and Adriatic, Mogador, Madeira, and Canaries ; 

 0-80 fms., living in the littoral and laminarian zones. 



Fossil. Miocene : Vienna Basin {Homes), Malaga (Duncan), 

 Piedmont (Foresti). Pliocene : Italy and Rhodes Post-tertiary : 

 S. France and Tuscany. 



Although this common Mediterranean shell has always been 

 recognized and known as the T. rvgosus of Linne, the only habitat 

 given by him was "India;" but he evidently was not acquainted 

 with Mediterranean shells except from the works of other writers 

 and from collections made by some of his pupils. 



There are a few obsolete synonyms. The operculum is used for 

 female ornament in Italy, and called " occhio di hue." 



2. Turbo peloritanus, Cantraine. 



T. peloritanus, Cantr. Diagn. de quelq. esp. nouv. de Moll. (1837), 

 p. 11 ; Mai. Med. (1840), pi. vi. f. 22. 



'Porcupine' Exp. 1870: Atl. St. 1, 2, 3a, 24-28a. 



Distribution. Bay of Biscay ('Travailleur' Exp.), Mediterranean 

 ('Washington' Exp.), G. Florida (Pourtales) ; 125-731 fms. 



Fossil. Pliocene : Calabria and Sicily. 



Trochus Jilosus, Philippi, 



Var. carinata. Smaller, and usually having a single peripheral keel 

 instead of several spiral ribs. Turbo carinatus, Cantr. loc. cit. f. 23 

 =^Trochus fflabratus, Phil. Not Trochus carinatus of Borson, a 

 niiocene fossil, which Homes placed in Turbo. 



The body or animal is white. Young shells are umbilicate. 



