1883.] MR. F. MOORE ON LIMNAINA AND EUPLffilNA. 213 



Subfamily E u p l (E i N iE. 



Danai festivi, Linnaeus. 



Festivi, Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. p. 39 (1793); Turton, Syst. 

 Ent. ii, p. 54 (1806). 



Limnades, Hiibuer, Verz. bek. Schmett. p. 14 (1816). 



Banaince^ of modern authors. 



Euploeince, Moore, Lep. of Ceylon, p. 1 (1880). 



Fore wing with the submedian vein double at its origin. Most 

 genera also with an incipient or lengthened discoidal veinlet emitted 

 within the cell of fore wing. Abdomen furnished with odoriferous 

 anal tufts of hair. Larva smooth, with fleshy processes. 



Group ? 



Danaoid Ueliconidce, Bates, Trans. Linn. Sec. xxiii. pp. 496 

 517(1862). 



This group of Butterflies I consider to be quite distinct from the 

 next. They differ in the form of outline in the wings, and, though 

 having similar venation in the fore wing, the basally forked sub- 

 median, and in most of the genera the more or less lengthened 

 discoidal (or recurrent) veinlet (in some genera two such veinlets) 

 emitted within the cell, and, although the hind wing possesses a 

 more or less defined small precostal (or basal) cell, this latter wing 

 has a much larger discoidal cell, and also has (in Lycorea halia) a 

 single discoidal veinlet emitted within the cell ; whilst in others 

 . {Sais rosalis and Mechanitis lysimnia) the costal and subcostal 

 veins are amalgamated, and consequently the precostal cell is absent, 

 and the discoidal veinlet within the cell is present ; but in the former 

 species (Sais) there are two such veinlets in both wings of the 

 female, and two in fore wing of female If. lysimnia. In Ithomia 

 (sp. ?) the costal and subcostal veins of the hind wing run close 

 together from their base along edge of the margin, both wings also 

 having a short discoidal veinlet emitted within the cell. In this 

 group, the males, besides possessing odoriferous tufts of hair at 

 the extremity of the abdomen, have in some genera an odoriferous 

 tuft of hair also on the subcostal vein along the upper side of the 

 hind wing^. 



^ Linnreus used the name Danaus iu both sections of his Papilio Danai 

 (Z>. candidi and D. festivi). In 1777 Esper (Die Sehmett. i. p. 53) used it as a 

 generic name for species of Pierina3, representing Linnseus's D. candidi ; and in 

 1784 Esper (Natiir. des Linneischen Systems, p. 214) again cites it for species 

 of Pierinse. Fabricius (Ent. Syst. iii. p. 39, 1793) and Weber (Nomen. Eut. 

 pp. 99, ItK), 1795) separated the modern Danaina; under the name of Festivi, 

 and restricted the term Danai to the B. candidi of Linnfeus. In 1798 Cuvier 

 (Tableau Element. d'Hist. Nat. p. 590) cites species of Pierinas only under 

 Danai. Panzer, in 1801 (Faun. Ins. Germ. Hefte 73-84, p. 11), also adopts 

 Danaus, generically, for species of Pierina ; and, in 180t>, Turton (Gen. Syst. of 

 Entom. p. 64) also restricts the Danai to species of Pierinae. The name " Da- 

 naus,'' as applied by Latreille in 18U5-09, cannot, therefore, be retained in this 

 group of Butterflies. 



^ See Fi-itz Muller's "Notes on Brazilian Entomology" (Trans. Ent. Soc. 

 1878, p. 211), and translation by R. Meldola of Dr. Fritz Miiller's paper on 

 Ituna and Thyridia, in Trans. Ent. Soc. 1879, ' Proceedings,' p. xx. 



