230 MR. F. MOORE ON LIMNAINA AND EUPLCEINA. [Apr. 17, 



Genus Tirumala. 



Tirumalfi, Moore, Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 4 (1880). 



Danais {Tirumala), Marshall & de Niceville, Butt, of India &c. 

 p. 45 (1882). 



Fore wing broad, triangular ; first subcostal branch emitted at 

 one fifth before end of the cell and free from the costal, second at 

 end of the cell ; discocellulars bent acutely inward in the middle 

 below upper radial, and emitting a short point within the cell from 

 the angle ; lower discocellular slender near its upper end ; submedian 

 with a short lower basal veinlet. Hind wing broadly oval, exterior 

 margin very convex ; costal vein slightly curved ; cell short and 

 anteriorly oblique ; second subcostal branch emitted nearer the first, 

 and upper median nearer the middle branch than in Radena. Male 

 with an open scent-pouch between the lower median and submedian 

 veins, the pendent sac of which is prominent on the underside of 

 the wing (the interior of the pouch containing, in the dried speci- 

 men, numerous white filaments). Antennae shorter than in Radena, 

 the club also shorter and tip more pointed. Apical joint of palpi 

 shorter. 



Larva with two pair of fleshy filaments. 



Type T. limniace, Linn. 



1. Tirumala petiverana. 



Danais petiverana, Doubleday & Hewitson, Diurn. Lep. p. 93, 

 pi. 12. f. 1 (1847) ; V. d. Decken, Reise Ostafr. p. 368 (1873). 



Danais leonora, Butler, Proc. Zool. Soc. 1866, p. 51 ; Lep. 

 Exotica, p. 53, pi. 20. f. 2. 



Petiver, Gazoph. i. pi. 3. f. 4. 



Hub. West Africa (Angola). 



2. Tirumala limniace. 



Papilio limniace, Cramer, Pap. Exot. i. pi. 59. f. D, E (1775), ? . 



Danais Hmniacci:, Godart, Enc. Meth. ix. p. 191 (1819). 



Tirumala limniacece, Moore, Lep. of Ceylon, i. p. 4, pi. 1. f. 3. 



Danais limniace, Semper, Mus. Godeffroy, xiv. Lep. ;il. 8. f. 6, cJ . 



Danais {Tirumala) limniace, Marsliall & de Niceville, Butt, of 

 India, p. 47 (1882). 



Papilio exoticus, Gmehn, Syst. Nat. i. 5, p. 2289 (1788-93); 

 Zschach, Mus. Lesk. Ent. p. 89 (1788). 



Papilio similis, (part.), Fabricius, Ent. Syst. iii. p. 58 (1793). 



Danais leopardus, Butler, P. Z. S. 1866, p. 52. 



Petiver, Gazophyl. i. pi. 92. f. 13. 



Hab. India; Ceylon; Nicobars ; British Burmah ; Cambodia; 

 Hongkong- ; Formosa. 



3. Tirumala orientalis. 



Danais orientalis. Semper, Mus. Godeffroy, xiv. p. 140, pi. 8. 

 fig. 5, c? (1879). 



Hab. Philippines {Luzon). 



