1886.] POSITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SPONGES. 569 



Kingdom ANIMALIA. 



1. Subkingdom PROTOZOA. 



Animals which are either unicellular, or, if multicellular, isocellular, 

 without archenteroii. 



II. Subkingdom METAZOA. 

 Multicellular, heterocellular animals with archenteron. 



I. Grade CGELENTERA. 

 Metazoa with simple body-cavity. 



i. Phylum Mesoderm ALIA. 



Coelentera with branching canal-system, and organs developed 

 from cells of the mesoglcea or primary mesoderm. No movable 

 appendages. 



1. Class SPONGIiE. 

 With the characters of the phylum. 



ii. Phylum Epithelaria. 



Coelentera with csecal canal-system. The organs are developed 

 from cells of the epithelia. With movable appendages. 



1. Group Polypomedtjs^. 

 Polypoid Epithelaria with cnidoblasts. 



i. Series AjphacpJlce. 

 Polypomedusse without entodermal phacellae. 



2. Class HYDROMEDUS.E. 



Aphacellse of polypoid and medusoid character. Medusae 

 cycloneur. 



ii. ^me& Pha c ello t ce. 



Polypomedusse with entodermal phacellae. 



3. Class ACTINIARIA. 

 Polypoid Phacellotae with funnel and septa. 



4. Class SCYPHOMEDUS^. 

 Medusoid Phacellotae developed direct or from a Scyphostoma by 

 strobilation. Toponenr. 



II. Group Ctenophora. 

 Epithelaria with paddle-rows without cnidoblasts. Centroneur. 



.5. Class CTENOPHORA. 

 With the characters of the group. 



II. Grade CffiLOMATA. 

 Metazoa with distinct gastral and coelomic cavities. 



