1886.] POSITION AND CLASSIFICATION OF SPONGES. 585 



Uruguaya, Carter ; Parmula, Carter ; Meyenia, Bowerbank ; Hete- 

 romeyenia, Potts ; Lubomirskya, Dybovsky ; Lessepsia, Keller ; 

 Potamolepis, Marshall. 



2. Familia Homorhaphid^, Ridley and Dendy. 

 Megasclera oxea or strongyla ; no differentiated microsclera except 

 toxia. Marine sponges without gemmulse. 



1. Subfamilia Renierince, auct. 

 Spicules never completely enveloped in horny fibre. 

 Halichondria, Fleming; Pe^ro«««, Vosmaer, =: Schmidtia Balsamo 

 Crivelli; Jteniera, Nardo. 



2. Subfamilia Chalinince, Ridley and Dendy. 

 A considerable amount of spongin present, forming distinct horny 

 fibres, in which spicules are contained. 



1. Group ChalinorhaphincB, Lendenfeld. 

 With abundant gigantic spicules axially situated. 

 Chalinorhaphis, Lendenfeld. 



2. Group Soplochalinince, Lendenfeld. 



With abundant gigantic spicules obliquely situated, and protruding 

 beyond the fibre-surface. 

 Hoplochalina, Lendenfeld. 



3. Group Cacochalinince, Lendenfeld. 

 Irregular forms with slender spicules. 



Cacochalina, Schmidt ; Cladochalina, Lendenfeld ; Chalinopora, 

 Lendenfeld ; Chalinella, Lendenfeld ; CAalinopsis, Schmidt. 



4. Group P achy chalinince, Lendenfeld. 



Irregular, digitate, lamellar forms with stout spicules, oxystron- 

 gylus. 



Chalinissa, Lendenfeld; Pachychalina, Schmidt; and Oeraochalina, 

 Lendenfeld. 



5. Group Plahochcdinince^ Lendenfeld. 

 Frondose, lamellar forms with stout spicules. 



Plakochalina, Euplakella, and Antherochalina, Lendenfeld; Cribro- 

 chalina, Schmidt ; Tragosia, Gray ; Platychalina, Ehlers. 



6. Group Siphonochalininee, Lendenfeld. 



Tubular, pseudogaster with stout spicules. 



Spinnsel[a,Y osmaer ; Siphonochalina, Schmidt ; Tuba, Duchassaing 

 and Michelotti ; Sclerochalina, Ridley; Toxochalina, Ridley; 

 Phylosiphonia, Lendenfeld ; Tubulodigitus, Carter ; Patulascula, 

 Carter ; and Siphonella, Lendenfeld. 



7. Group ArenochalinintE, Lendenfeld. 

 With spicules in the connecting and saud in the main fibres. 

 Arenochalina, Lendenfeld . 



