1886.] DR. A. G. BOURNE ON INDIAN EARTHWORMS. 671 



Moniligaster has been described as being devoid of any clitellum. 

 In, at any rate, one of my species the cHtellum is, however, very 

 well marked, so that this cannot be taken as a generic character. 



The genus is, however, sufficiently characterized by the four pores 

 situated in pairs between somites vii. and viii., and x. and xi., 

 respectively, by the peculiar arrangement of the generative organs, 

 and by the monilated gizzard. It is often exceedingly difficult to 

 determine the exact position of the gizzard, and I believe that its 

 position may vary by a somite in different individuals of the same 

 species ; still there is no doubt that in some cases it will serve as a 

 specific character — e. g. M. sapphirinadides and M. robustus, which 

 resemble one another in most respects, differ markedly in the position 

 of the gizzard. 



There is a great difference in size among the species ; M. grandis 

 is quite as large as Microchata rappi, while M. minutus is one of 

 the smallest of Earthworms. 



Moniligaster grandis, sp. u. 



There is no trace of clitellum. 



The distance between the ventral seta rows is greater than that 

 between the ventral rows and the lateral rows. 



The gizzard extends through somites xvii.-xxi. inclusive. 



The septa between v.-vi., vi.-vii., vii.-viii., and viii.-ix. are very 

 strong and thick. 



The septum between ix. and x. is absent. 



I obtained this worm in May and June. In May, before the 

 rains, I only found it deep down : I have made coolies dig pits as 

 much as 9-10 feet deep before coming upon a single worm, although 

 their burrows were quite obvious ; then one would suddenly come 

 upon a specimen lying in a hollow which seemed to exactly fit its 

 body, all rolled up together in a mass nearly the size of one's fist, 

 and upon the surface of the body, crawling about in the mucous, 

 were young individuals which in one instance were less than half an 

 inch long, but from larger specimens I easily determined them to be 

 young Moniligasters. I expect that there is something very inter- 

 esting about this, and probably it is connected with the absence of 

 clitellum and consequently of cocoons, but it seemed to be too late 

 in the year to make any further observations. 



In June at Naduvatam, after there had been some rain, I found these 

 worms quite near the surface, even in some cases crawling about, but 

 I never then found young ones. I never found these worms at a lower 

 elevation than 0500 feet ; at Coouoor, which is just below that alti- 

 tude, and much warmer than Ootacamund, I could not find a single 

 specimen. 



Moniligaster uniquus, sp. n. 



So called because for some time I had only a single specimen, but 

 I subsequently found a few others. 

 There is no clitellum. 

 The gizzard occupies somites xv.-xix. 

 The ventral seta rows are very near together, there is less distance 



