ON METONYMS. 41 



banus Maurus we have a hint of how ' raven ' may have been applied 

 in some cases as a sobriquet. Maurus is 'The Moor.' Petrus Niger^ 

 a German, was the author of a work, Ad Judasorum Perfidiam Extir- 

 pandam, printed at Esslingen in 1475. Coracopetra was Rabenstein. 

 Other names from colour are Cyaneus and Brunus. One from taste 

 is Sapidus, a metonym however, probably, from Weise, Wiseman. 

 Prederic Barba-rossa, i. e. russa, red, will be familiar to all. (Gildeber- 

 tus is said to signify much the same — Ptutilus barba.) There are many 

 Lupuses; and a Canius, who was aNethei'lander, de Hondt, the Hound. 

 Wolfgang, a common prenomeu, appears to have been simply furnished 

 with the termination -us ; although it is explained to be Lupi incessus, 

 Wolfgait. Musculus, diminutive of Mus, is Mauslein, Little mouse. 



Crusius is a quasi-Latinisation of the Low-German Kruys, Cross; 

 also of Kvaus. There are likewise a Crucius, a Cruciger and a Cruei- 

 gerus. Van Horn became Coratinus, ' keras ' being 'horn.' Vander 

 Steen was li Lapide, 'steen' being 'lapis.' Erastus is Lieber, akin 

 respectively to Erasmus and Liebhaber, ' liebe ' being ' eros,' love. 

 Thomas Naogeorgus is Thomas Kirchmeyer, ' naos ' being ' Kirch, 

 . ecclesia,' and ' meyer/ colonus-villicus, fiirm-bailifF. 



k^everal authors are named Cellarius; all probably Kellners, that is 

 Cellarers: one, in 1661, published in Amsterdam an Atlas of the 

 Heavens. There are three Opsopoei, in all likelihood Kochs, that is. 

 Cooks. Latinised names from trades or occupations are numerous. 

 Pellicanus was Kurshner, Furrier, one dealing in pelles, peltries. 

 Messenraaker, Cutler, is Cultrifex, in 1479, from culter, a knife. 

 Hermanus Pigulus was Herman Topfer, Potter. We meet with Pis- 

 cator, Fischer; Agricola, Pachter, Farmer; Serrarius, Sawyer, llolz- 

 sager ; Caspar Sagittarius, Archer, Bogenschiike ; with Latomus, 

 Miner, Steinbrecher; with Sartor, and Sartorius, Taylor, Schneider; 

 with a Pistor, Baker, doubtless Becker; a Ravisius Textor, Weaver, 

 Weber; a Tinctor, Dyer, Farber; a Sutor, Shoewright, Schuster; and 

 a Lapidanus, Stoner, Steiner: also with a Kaiser Karl Fidicen, who 

 was surely a Fiddler, Geiger, or Lutist, Lother. A Felix Fidlerus or 

 Fiedlerus occurs. The last epistle written by Melanchthon was to a 

 Johannes Aurifaber, Goldsmith. It is signed "Philip Melanchthon, 

 brevi moriturus," p. 430, Ed. Elzev. 1647. Georgius Acanthius we 

 may suppose to have been George Dorn, that is. Thorn. Rivinus, the 

 botanist, we know, was Bachman, from bach, beck, rivulus, rivus ; 

 and Vander Boeken or Beken, Torrentius. Vander Bosch was Syl- 

 vius, and Fasius was Buchlein, diminutive of Beech. 



