ON METONYMS. 4» 



Actius Syncerns. The name of the Neapolitan poet Cariteo is the 

 Italian form of his academic name, Chariteus. In this instance, the 

 assumed name has caused the family-name to be forgotten. 



Among French metonyms, that of the Stephani will perhaps be the 

 most familiar. Vernacularly, the Stephani were the Etiennes, Es- 

 tiennes, or Stephenses, a succession of learned printers who, through- 

 out the whole of the sixteenth century, did admirable service. Henry^ 

 Kobert, and Henry, junior, of this name, have the honour to be some- 

 times distinguished from each other in imperial fashion, as Stephanus 

 I., 11., III. Charles, P;iul and Antony Stephens were also printers, 

 but of less note. Another familiar metonym to be noticed here, in 

 connection with the Etiennes, although otherwise out of its place, is 

 Scapula, probably Schulterblatt, Shoulder-blade. Not many years since, 

 "Scapula,' like ' Donatus ' and 'Calepinus' previously, had almost 

 merged its personal associations in those of a book. A ' Donat' was a 

 grammar: a ' Calepin,' in French, was a note-book : and a 'Scapula' 

 was, with us, a certain large Greek Lexicon. It had an origin not 

 reputable. While Henry Stephens was bringing out his Thesaurus 

 LingUtG Grgecse, an assistant in his printing-office, Scapula, secretly 

 made ao abridgment of that ponderous work, and subsequently pub- 

 lished it at Bale. The lesser book, though itself of huge size, yet being 

 the smaller of two evils, — '(the greater being in the form of four folio 

 volumes) — -the sale of the latter was hindered, and the interests of Ste- 

 phanus III. were so seriously interfered with, that his bankruptcy 

 ensued. A Scapula^ now, is philologically valueless. 



In the 16th century, we meet with the name Odet de Turnebu, 

 borne by the author of a French comedy; and with Adrianus Turnc- 

 bus, in the vernacular, Turnebe, a Greek scholar and critical annotator. 

 This name is said to be, in fact, the Scottish name Turnbull, Gallicised 

 first into Tourneboeuf, and then partially Grecised into Turnebus, 

 where -bus represents bous, that is, boeuf, although in verse the termi- 

 nation is found short as well as long in quantity. The original Turn- 

 bull, in the time of King Robert Bruce, was, according to the Scottish 

 legend, called Ruel. In 1644 we find printed at Paris a volume in 

 quarto entitled Adami Blacvodtei Opera Omnia, including Varii Gene- 

 ris Poemata. We here hardly recognise, in its Latin guise, the fami- 

 liar Scottish name of Blackwood. Marboeuf, a bishop of Eennes, 

 Latinised his name into Marbodus. 



In Sammarthanus we have a base metonymisation of the name ' de 



