272 EACE HEAD-FORMS AND THEIR 



tale of the rude forefathers of the settlement. In the great centres of 

 modern industry and progress it is otherwise. There the Old Eng- 

 lander and New Englander, Hollander, Swede, Saxon and Celt, have 

 jostled and intermingled ; while the half-breed Indian and Negro have 

 been driven out or absorbed. But still the osteological evidence accords 

 with the change; and the very vagueness of type, though with a 

 predominant long oval, neither wholly Saxon nor Celtic, tells of the 

 interblending of many old and later nationalities with the so-called An- 

 glo-Saxon masters of the New World. 



In this, as in so many other ways, there lie buried beneath our feet 

 the chronicles of past events, recorded in characters, long-enduring, if 

 not inefikceable; and preserving for us a history decypherable by those 

 who will give due diligence to their interpretation. 



The comparative recentness of the events thus recorded, and the 

 consequently well defined traces of their diverse phases, render this 

 ethnical chronicle of the NewWorld one of easy interpretation. Never- 

 theless it illustrates what has been transpiring on old historic areas 

 from the dawn of Assyrian, Phoenician, Greek or Roman history. The 

 ancient cemeteries of France or Britain tell to the educated eye of the 

 intelligent observer a similar tale of Turanian, Celtic, Roman, Germanic 

 and other intrusions : all processes in the change which converted old 

 Gaul into modern France, and Celtic Britain into Saxon England. 



The Roman conqueror came into collision with the native Gaul and 

 Briton. But when that event occurred the Christian era was close at 

 hand; and we are becoming more and more familiar with the idea of 

 pre-Celtic and non-Arian occupants of Europe in its prehistoric centu- 

 ries. What we assume from the recovery of long buried evidence, as 

 the succession of events in prehistoric Europe, agrees with what has 

 been produced in modern centuries by later western movements of 

 the nations. On the American continent we still witness rude, 

 savage aborigines, retiring and perishing before the advance of the 

 very same predominant races by whom a similar change appears to 

 have been wrought in Europe. Here, too, we are familiar with the 

 meeting, and to some extent the intermingling, of races of the most 

 diverse types. The dark-skinned, wooly-haired, long and narrow- 

 headed, prognathous Negro has been brought to supplant the red, or 

 olive-skinned Indian, with coarse, straight black hair, orthognathic 

 profile, and short, broad head. But ere the living type disappears, we 

 are invited to compare it with that of a distinct race, the so-called Mound 



