284 KACE HEAD-FORMS AND THEIR 



Mr. D. R. Hay, in his " Science of those proportions by which the 

 human head and countenance, as represented in works of ancient Greek 

 art, are distinguished from those of ordinary nature/' he says : " My 

 impression is that Mr. Hay is quite correct; and I am led to it not 

 less by the elegance of his outlines, than by the fixity of my said 40, 

 (distance between peripheral surfaces of zygomata,) the measurement 

 being seven-eighths of what I consider the normal transverse of at least 

 the Caucasian cranium." But, he adds, '' I have no thought of rely- 

 ing on the method of a verages;" and so he has not deduced any mean 

 results of the measure ments, otherwise carried out with such laborious 

 accuracy, for the purpose of determining the characteristics of crania 

 from the Catacombs of Paris, selected apparently, by Dr. Spurzheim, 

 as the most typical examples of pure Gaulish or Celtic head-forms. 

 LUac many another labourer in the same field of observation, Dr. 

 Adam failed to discover the precise application of his metrical system 

 either for ethnical or psychological purposes; and when, long after- 

 wards, his carefully executed tables were handed over to me, it was as 

 fruits of early labour chiefly designed to aid him in researches into the 

 assumed relations of mental and cerebral development, and which he 

 had ceased to regard as of practical utility. 



From the comprehensive series of measurements, arranged under the 

 above heads, I have here' selected such as will afford an opportunity of 

 comparison with tables already furnished in former papers : and espe- 

 cially with those produced as some means of testing the characteristics 

 of the British or Celtic cranium. They are taken as indicating the 

 greatest circumference, length, parietal and frontal breadth, and also 

 the zygomatic diameter to which Dr. Adams assigned so much impor- 

 tance, as the test of approximation to an ideal classic standard, oraccepted 

 statuary scale. The differences in specific points selected for deter- 

 mining some of the measurements must be borne in remembrance in 

 instituting any comparison with previous tables. They are as follows : 



A. (4.) From coronal process of occipital bone to naso-alveolar surface. 



B. (5.) Os frontis mesially. C (42.) Distance between lateral sur- 

 faces of parietal bones. D. (37.) Distance between peripheral surfaces 

 of mastoid processes. E. (40.) Between peripheral surfaces of zygo- 

 mata. F. (70.) Transverse periphery on level of orbital process of os 

 frontis and uiost inial point of os occipitis. 



