EXPRESSION BY MEASUREMENTS. 293 



number of captives belonging to the Lloegrian and other Britisli tribes, 

 all of whom helped to increase the proportion of British as compared 

 with Saxon blood. And still further there must have been a number 

 of Saxo-Britons of the half-blood, some at least of whom would have 

 the full privileges of Saxons." Again he says: {Ibid, p. 165) "It 

 cannot be so readily admitted that the longer skulls belonged to the 

 Anglo-Saxons of pure breed. Many of them are the skulls of women, 

 who may have been the British wives of Saxon settlers. Without con- 

 firming evidence of some kind, it cannot be allowed that a skull found 

 in an Anglo-Saxon burying-place is the skull of an Anglo-Saxon of pure 

 blood." So writes Mr. Pike, in 1866; but in 1863, in discussing the 

 very subject of the form of the British skull, we remarked : (Prehis- 

 toric Annals of Scotland, 2nd Ed., Vol. I., p. 278). ''The insular 

 Anglo-Saxon race in the Anglian and Saxon districts, deviates from its 

 continental congeners, as I conceive, mainly by reason of a large inter, 

 mixture of Celtic blood, traceable to the inevitable intermarriage of 

 invading colonists, chiefly male, with the British women. But if the 

 Celtic head be naturally a short one, [as affirmed by certain authorities] 

 the tendency of such admixture of races should have been to shorten 

 the hybrid Anglo-Saxon skull, whereas it is essentially longer than the 

 continental Germanic type.'' Nor is this idea of the modern Briton 

 being the representative of tha Teutonic, no less than the Celtic races 

 of early centuries, a novelty of recent date. In the first edition of the 

 above work, (1851, p. 353), the Celtic races are spoken of as " once 

 more nomade, or mingling their blood with the more civilised tribes 

 which are gradually securing a footing in the south-eastern portions of 

 the island. The first stream of Teutonic colonization had set in, which, 

 followed successively by the Romans with their legions of foreign aux- 

 iliaries, by Saxoas, Angles, Scoti, Norwegians, Danes, and Normans, 

 produced the modern hardy race of Britons." 



The same argument is thus repeated in this journal : (Vol. IX., p- 

 379, 1864). ''The Anglo-Saxon cannot be affirmed to be a pure race. 

 Apart fro:n later Danish, Norse and Norman intermixture: it differs 

 mainly, as I conceive, from its Germanic congeners, by reason of a large 

 admixture of Celtic blood, traceable primarily to the intermarriage of 

 Anglian and Saxon colonists with British women. Such a process of 

 amalgamation is the inevitable result of a colonisation chiefly male, 

 even where the difference is so extreme as between the white and the 

 red or black races of the New World. But the Anglo-Saxon intruder 



