296 RACE HKAD-FORMS AND THEIR 



prolonged frontal region, is the insular Celtic type." Mr. Pike, it may 

 be added, does not assert an invariable uniformity in tbe English head- 

 form. His own independent observations have been numerous, and 

 extended over a wide area; and necessarily precluded any such hypo- 

 thetical generalisation. He refers, for example, to Wiltshire as pre- 

 senting the longest type of head; to a variety of types met with in 

 Wales ; and to the predominance of " the Cymric type," meaning 

 thereby, however, not Welsh, but originally native to those countries 

 from whence the Cymri came; and so asserts: " it is certainly to one 

 branch of the Cymric stock that we owe the chief characteristic of our 

 English heads." Whilst, however, Mr. Pike repeatedly guards against 

 the assumption that the word " Cymric" is used as synonymous with 

 Welsh, he defines among the results determined by his study of phy- 

 sical characteristics : " That all the evidence which has been collected 

 shows the Cymric skull to be the long oval form, but slightly longer in 

 proportion to its breadth than the typical English skull ; that the 

 ancient Britons were remarkable for their lofty stature, no less than the 

 modern English; and that this lofty stature is especially found among 

 the most Celtic population of the West." 



(2) Mr. C. C. Blake proceeds: '^The plaintiff had first combined 

 the propositions that the Celtic skull was long, that the Teutonic skull 

 was short, that the modern English skull is long, and that, therefore, 

 the English are the descendants of the ancient Britons." (1866). 

 But in 1863, 1 had ascribed to the brachycephalic crania of British 

 tumuli, assumed by Dr. J. B. Davis to be Celtic, "an Allophylian, 

 perhaps a Turanian" origin; QPreMst. Annals, Vol. I., p. 277); had 

 shown that, while many skulls of the Anglo-Roman period approximate 

 to this type, " on the other hand, the predominant skull-forms of the 

 modern Welsh, the Highlanders of the most purely Celtic districts of 

 Scotland, and the seemingly unadulterated population of the south-west 

 of Ireland," all differ from that type ; had quoted Retzius as to the 

 prevalence of the very long head- form in England proper, as well as in 

 Wales, Scotland and Ireland; and then followed it up by the passage 

 already given, asserting that the Anglo-Saxon deviates from the conti- 

 nental Germanic type by reason of a large intermixture of native blood, 

 traceable to British mothers. Again, when selecting examples of crania 

 derived from the earliest native Christian cemeteries in the purely 

 Celtic or Pictish regions of Scotland, I remarked : " even if allow- 

 ance be made for considerable admixture with other races, Roman, 



