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42 PROF. OWEN ON THE ANATOMY OF THE INDIAN RHINOCEROS. 
The small intestines have nearly the same disposition as in the Horse ; they are sus- 
pended by a short mesentery, in which the anastomosing arteries form only one series of 
arches. The mucous membrane of the ileum projects in the form of a circular fold within 
the cecum ; but it seems inefficient as a valve for preventing regurgitation of at least 
fluid matters from the large intestines. The length of the ceecum (Pl. XIII. ce) from this 
orifice to its blind extremity in the male Rhinoceros was three feet, and its greatest cir- 
cumference was four and a half feet. In the female Rhinoceros the length of the cecum 
was two feet ; its circumference two feet six inches ; these proportions to the colon and 
the rest of the intestinal canal being rather less than in the Horse. The anterior sur- 
face of the czecum is traversed longitudinally by a fibrous band, four inches broad, upon 
which it is slightly sacculated: a second band appears, nearer the colon. Its lining 
membrane was puckered up into innumerable irregular small transverse ruge, which 
appear, however, to be but temporary foldings of the mucous membrane, and are easily 
obliterated when this is stretched. The colon for the first four feet of its extent was 
puckered up upon three longitudinal bands into sacculi, each about five inches long : it was 
suddenly bent upon itself at this part, forming the long and large fold (Jb. co', co'), the 
two parts of the fold being very closely connected to each other ; it there became dilated 
into the very wide portion which formed the most prominent object on laying open the 
abdomen ; the beginning of this dilated portion is also closely adherent by its posterior 
surface to the opposite surface of the beginning of the cecum. The circumference of 
this dilated part of the colon (which if permanent, and not due to accidental accumu- 
lation of alimentary matter, might be regarded as representing a second cecum or 
reservoir,) is five feet: beyond this fold the colon becomes gradually narrower, its 
smallest circumference being twenty inches, where it passes into the rectum, which 
forms several short convolutions before its termination. 
Female. Male. 
The entire length of the colon was . . . 19 feet. 25 feet. 
The entire length of the rectum . . . . 3 feet. 5 feet. 
The total length of the intestinal canal, including the cecum, was in the female 
seventy-three feet ; in the male ninety-six feet, or eight times the length of the entire 
animal. 
The circumference of the rectum was ten inches in the female, and sixteen inches in the 
male ; but it widens towards the anus. The masses in which the feces are discharged 
from the immense receptacles formed by the large intestine, are greater than in the 
Elephant, and are softer and more amorphous. 
The longitudinal muscular fibres of the rectum were developed into such powerful 
fasciculi as to lead me to suspect some change of tissue; but on examining the fibre 
microscopically, it presented the same absence of aggregation of the ultimate fibres into 
striated bundles, as in the higher tract of the intestines. The contrast between these 
