44 PROF. OWEN ON THE ANATOMY OF THE INDIAN RHINOCEROS. 
larger male its texture was softer and more grumous; and it weighed 44 lbs. avoirdu- 
pois. With respect to its form, I did not find an agreement either with the statement 
of Mr. Thomas’ or the description in the second edition of the ‘ Lecons d’Anatomie Com- 
parée,’ iv. p. 464 (1836). In both specimens of Rhinoceros the liver was divided into 
fewer lobes than ordinary, taking the Mammalia generally, yet had a right lobe in addi- 
tion to the principal bifid lobe and the left lobe, the two latter only being assigned to it 
by Cuvier. The form of the gland is flattened, as in the hoofed animals generally ; its 
greatest thickness was not more than six inches in the male. Its longest or transverse 
diameter measured in the female twenty-seven inches, and the length or antero-poste- 
rior diameter of the middle lobe seventeen inches. Three great hepatic veins join the 
inferior cava just below the diaphragm. The strong serous tunic of the liver was 
beautifully marked by arborescent vessels of a white colour. The ‘ligamentum rotun- 
dum’ and corresponding fold of peritoneum entered as usual into the notch dividing 
the middle lobe, which might be compared to the cystic lobe in the quadrupeds which 
possess a gall-bladder. This appendage, however, as in Mr. Thomas’s dissection *, was 
wanting, as it is also in the other perissodactyle or odd-toed Pachyderms; e. g. the 
Hyrax, the Tapir, the Elephant, and the Horse. In these, as in the Rhinoceros, the 
absence of the gall-bladder seems to be dependent on the small size of the stomach as 
compared with the quantity of food taken, to the consequent frequency of feeding, and 
to the rapid and probably unintermitting transit of the gastric contents through the 
small intestines to the enormous cecal and colonic receptacles where digestion and 
animalization are finally completed®. The great biliary duct is formed in the portal 
fissure by the union of six or seven branches from the lobes of the liver : its diameter is 
half an inch ; it terminates in the duodenum six inches from the pylorus. 
The pancreas resembles that of the Horse and Tapir: its principal duct (Pl. XIV. 
fig. 1, h) enters the intestine close to the biliary duct (Jb. a), communicating therewith 
in the oblique course between the tunics: the duct of the smaller portion of the 
pancreas (Jb. h) terminates about two inches from the large and protuberant common 
opening of the preceding ducts, but at the same distance from the pylorus. 
The spleen is an elongated, subtrihedral, flattened body, lodged in the duplicatures of 
the short omentum. It weighed 5 lbs. in the male, and 3 lbs. in the female Rhinoceros: 
in the latter its length was two feet six inches ; its greatest breadth one foot ; its smallest 
breadth six inches: in the male it measured three feet six inches in length, one foot 
four inches in breadth: it resembles in structure that of the Horse. 
Kidneys.—The weight of these two glands was about 8 lbs. in the female and 11 Ibs. 
in the male Rhinoceros. In both they had the same situation in the abdomen as in the 
Horse. They were lobulated, and the extent of subdivision was intermediate between 
«Tt was divided into several lobes.”— Tom. cit. * See also Cuvier, doc. cit. iv. p. 549. 
* See the excellent remarks by Mr. Youatt in his work on ‘ The Horse,’ 8vo, 1831, p. 212. In the Hog the 
cecum is comparatively small. 
