PROF. OWEN ON THE ANATOMY OF THE INDIAN RHINOCEROS. 45 
that which respectively characterizes the kidneys of the Ox and Bear ; the average size 
of the component lobules being two inches’. In the female, the kidneys did not resemble 
each other in form. That on the left side was flattened and semi-ovate, ten inches long, 
six and a half inches broad, and two inches thick. The right kidney was subtrian- 
gular (Pl. XIV. fig. 2), presenting a flattened surface to the broadly expanded ribs on 
which it rested, and having on the opposite or anterior side two flattened surfaces 
meeting at an obtuse angle: this kidney was eight and a half inches long, seven and a 
half inches broad in the female. In the male the kidneys were more symmetrical: the 
right measured eleven inches in length and seven inches in breadth. The great vein, 
the artery, and the ureter had the usual relative position near the pelvis of the kidney ; 
the vein being anterior, and the ureter descending behind the artery: this duct 
presented a diameter of half an inch. 
The ureter (Jb. fig. 3, uv) having penetrated the substance of the gland for the extent of an 
inch, divides into two branches (Ib. p, p) at right angles to the trunk : one branch ascends, 
the other descends, and both together form a long canal which may be called the ‘ pelvis’ 
of the kidney. Into this canal the common trunks (Jb. t) of the radiating ‘ tubuli uriniferi,’ 
from the several lobes, open without forming any valvular protuberance or ‘ mammuilla.’ 
There is the same facility, therefore, for injecting the ‘ tubuli’ as in the Horse or Tapir. 
A white injection of size and flake-white was thrown into the ureter, and forced 
into the tubuli uriniferi by pressing the injection onwards towards the kidney, and 
thus alternately emptying the ureter by the finger and thumb, and filling the ureter 
from the syringe: the tubuli uriniferi were injected as far as the superficies of the gland ; 
and the injection was continued until a few specks of extravasation appeared ; but not 
any portion of injection returned either by the artery or vein. 
In the right kidney the tubuli uriniferi were filled, with similar success, and afterwards 
the emulgent artery was injected with red size injection ; this returned by the vein, but 
did not penetrate any of the branches of the ureter. The tubuli uriniferi form loops at 
the periphery of the kidney, returning into the cortical substance. 
The ureters, which preserve a diameter of about half an inch through their whole 
course, penetrate the urinary bladder, in the male (at u, u, Pl. XVI.), a little way above 
the fundus of the ‘ vesiculz seminales,’ where they are about six inches apart, but they 
converge in their oblique course through the thick muscular coat of the bladder. In the 
female they are more closely approximated at their terminations, which, in the young 
animal I dissected, were only half an inch apart, and about one line in diameter : their 
orifices were six inches from the commencement of the urethra. This short tube 
opened into the urogenital canal (Pl. XVIII. fig. 1, u) five inches from the vulva. 
1 The Rhinoceros examined by Mr. Thomas had not attained its third year, which led that gentleman to 
conjecture that the lobulated structure might be lost as the animal advanced in life (Joc. cit. p. 148); but the 
persistence of this structure to the ninth year, in the female, and to the fifteenth year, in the male animal dis- 
sected by me, proves that to be a permanent condition of the renal organ in the Rhinoceros, as in some other 
Mammalia, which is a common fcetal peculiarity in Man. 
