PROFESSOR OWEN ON THE GENUS DINORNIS. 161 
is a small pneumatic foramen below and in front of the diapophysis. The rib, about 
four inches in length, terminates in a point, and has no sternal portion, nor any 
appendage. 
Besides the seven pairs of ribs from the seven dorsals, there are two pairs from the 
anterior sacrals, progressively diminishing in size, and the last terminating freely in a 
point. The first of these sacral ribs was moveably articulated to the first sacral vertebra : 
the second is anchylosed to the second sacral vertebra. 
Thus the Dinornis elephantopus had nine pairs of long, conspicuous ribs: the first 
floating ; the second to the fourth pairs inclusive composed of pleurapophysis and 
hemapophysis, the latter articulating with the expanded hemal spine or sternum. 
The next three pairs had hemapophyses, or ‘ sternal ribs’ which did not reach the 
sternum: the eighth and ninth pairs, simple and pointed like the first pair, belong to 
the first two of the vertebr that have coalesced to form the long sacrum. 
Of the cervical vertebre there are fifteen, each having its individual character, and 
with trochlear articular surfaces so clearly or definitely sculptured on the ends of the 
centrum as to permit of no mistake in the co-adaptation of the vertebra, successively, 
from the last or fifteenth, 7b. C 15, up to the atlas, 2b. C 1. The size of the articular 
cup on the fore part of the atlas determined the cranium belonging to the present 
skeleton of Dinornis elephantopus. 
In the last cervical, 2b. C 15, the hypapophysis is a ridge from the front half of the 
centrum ; which centrum is longer, but of less fore-and-aft extent than that of the first 
dorsal. The short rib is anchylosed to both parapophysis and diapophysis; it is an 
inch and a half in length, pointed and directed backwards. The spine is smaller in all 
its dimensions than in the first dorsal. 
In the fourteenth cervical, ib. C 14, the hypapophysis is a thick sub-bilobed ridge 
from near the fore part of the centrum, but is extended transversely, not from before 
backwards. The rib is merely a bar uniting the ends of the two transverse processes: . 
the spine is rather more than an inch long, nearly an inch broad, half an inch from 
before backwards, and bifurcated, with the two divisions on the same transverse line. 
The thirteenth cervical, 2b. C 13, has a pair of anterior hypapophyses with their 
tuberous ends approaching and almost meeting each other, so as to complete a hemal 
canal. The median cleft of the short spine almost divides it into two processes. The 
canal circumscribed by the met-, di- and pleur-apophyses, on each side of the vertebra, 
is large enough to admit the fore-finger. The centrum appears to be larger than in 
the succeeding vertebre, because it does not lose in fore-and-aft extent while decreasing 
in other dimensions. 
In the twelfth cervical, ib. C 12, the anterior hypapophyses are wider apart: the 
transverse pair of spines are also more apart, and are shorter than in the thirteenth 
vertebra. 
In the eleventh cervical, ib. C 11, the hypapophyses are shorter and wider apart: the 
neural spine is now a pair of tuberosities. 
