THE CHIMPANZEES AND ORANGS. 171 
regard to the great Orang or Pithecus Satyrus, viz. that the observed and recorded 
differences ‘‘ are not sufficient to afford grounds for specific distinction'.” 
The following are notes on the adult Orangs made in 1838, in the Continental 
Museums. 
“* Museum of the University of Leyden. Adult Orangs.—The skulls of the females all 
exhibit the relatively smaller canines and corresponding feeble development of the 
occipital and parietal crests which M. Temminck has described ; but they differ in these 
respects and in relative size; and these differences, as is evident from the condition of 
the teeth, are not differences of age. I observed one of those crania in which the 
canine teeth were not more developed than in my S. Morio; it was marked ‘ Sima 
Satyrus, female:’ the strong ridges at the outside of the lambdoidal suture soon sub- 
sided, and were not continued into each other to form a single occipital crest, as de- 
scribed by M. Dumortier in both the male and female of the large Orang (Simia Wurmbii) 
at the fourth epoch, or when just arrived at maturity: there was no sagittal crest. The 
front incisors were as large as in the great male Pongo, but the longitudinal extent of 
the molar series of the upper jaw was only 2 inches 3 lines ; that of my Morio being 
2 inches 2 lines ; so that the difference here is unimportant. The length of the molar 
series in the lower jaw was 2 inches 6 lines: Jength of the skull 8 inches, greatest 
breadth 5 inches. The grinding surface of the molars showed the animal to be fully 
adult. This skull presented the characteristics of the S. Wurmbuw in the contracted 
interorbital space: there were numerous (three) suborbital foramina, and some vascular 
perforations in the thick outer border of the orbit. The nasal bone is totally interrupted 
by the junction of the nasal processes of the maxillary bones of the opposite sides with 
each other ; the lower part of the nasal bone is triangular. 
‘Tn a second example of a female, having the canines and the molars of the same 
size as in S. Morio, all the sutures were obliterated, and the frontal and lambdoidal 
ridges were stronger than in the Morio, 
“Tn the skull of a female, immature, al] the permanent incisors and bicuspides, and 
the first and second molares, are in place : the points of the permanent canines are just 
appearing, having pierced the alveolus: the last molars are still in the formative cavity, 
but the crowns are complete. This would seem to show that the canines are later in 
appearing than in the Human subject. The intermaxillary suture has begun to be 
obliterated at its lower extremity, between the sockets of the canines and incisors ; it 
continues open upon the face. The sutures of the head, with the exception of a small 
part of the lambdoidal, remain unobliterated. The temporal joins the frontal bone on 
both sides. 
“Tn the skull of a male I observed the zygomatic process of the malar bone existing 
as a separate piece: the wise-tooth, m3, was mal-placed, its grinding surface abutting 
against the adjoining molar: either the revolving motion had been carried too far, or 
the mal-position had been original. 
1 Trans. Zool. Soc. vol. i. p. 378. 
