214 DR. J. J. KAUP’S MONOGRAPH OF THE STRIGIDA. 
brownish, banded with white. Breast and belly white, striped with blackish. Tarsi 
and toes white. 
Dimens.— Wing 95 (¢), 99 (2), tail 56 (¢), 62 (2) mm. long. 
Hab. Northern and eastern parts of Europe and Asia. 
Subgenus b. Nyctea, Steph. 
Diagn.—The long wings cover two-thirds of the tail, which is as long as the body. 
The first wing-feather is shorter than the fourth. First to fourth wing-feathers have 
broad inner webs, and are emarginated to the end. Ear-orifice larger than the diameter 
of the eye (perhaps asymmetric). 
2. Surnia nycrea, Selby. 
Stria nyctea, Linn. 
candida, Lath. 
erminea, Shaw. 
Nyctea erminea et cinerea, Steph. 
Strix nivea, Thunb.; Daud. 
Nyctea nivea, Bp. Pl. Enl. 458; Edw. B. t. 61; Naum. taf. 41; Vieill. Am. Sept. t. 18; 
Levaill. Afr. t. 45; Wils. Am. Orn, pl. 82. fig.1; Aud. pl. 121; Gould, Eur. t. 43, 
Descr.—Bill and nails black. Whole plumage in advanced age pure white, in youth 
black-spotted. Size of Bubo maximus (2). 
Hab. High northern latitudes of Europe, Asia, and America. 
Subgenus e. Surnia, Dum. 
Diagn.—The first wing-feather as long as the seventh. First to third wing-feathers 
distinctly emarginated. Lar-orifice less than the diameter of the eye. Tail longer 
than the body. 
3. Surnia ututa, Bp. (Pl. LVI. fig. 6 a, bill; 6, wing.) 
Strix ulula, Linn. Fauna Suecica, 78. 
Hudsonia, Gmel. 
funerea, Lath. 
canadensis et freti-hudsoni, Briss. 
doliata, Pall. 
arctica, Sparrm. 
nisoria, Mey., Naum. 42. 2. 
Surnia borealis, Less. 
funerea (Lath.), Cuy.; Enl.468; Edw. t.62; Wils. pl. 50. fig.6; Aud. 378; Gould, t,45. 
Diagn.— A broad black vertical stripe from the ear to the neck. 
Descr.—A little smaller than Otus vulgaris. It is distinguished from all other Euro- 
pean owls by its banded plumage. The bill is horn-brown, posteriorly yellow. Head 
