CORNISH DEDICATIONS. 407 



When S. Winwaloe settled at Landevenec, he achieved the 

 conversion of Grallo, the king. "During the hrst year of liis 

 reign, Grallo exercised his royal authority with a cruel hand ; 

 hut after he had come to receive instruction from Winwaloe, and 

 had been blessed by him, he became gentler, and govei-ned his 

 kingdom very piously."* 



The first result of this was the propagation of Ohristianity 

 through Armorican Cornouaille, and the foundation of Quimper 

 as a monastic centre. Of this S. Corentine was the first bishop. 

 The Life of this Saint, written in the 13th century, tells us, 

 "Cornouaille not having a bishop required one, and three men 

 of worth and sanctit\ were chosen, Corentine, Winwaloe, and 

 Tudy ; and Grallo sent all three to be consecrated by S. Martin, 

 of Tours, according to Celtic custom to have always tliree conse- 

 crated together. Martin, however, gave the episcopal office to 

 Corentine alone." This story is apocryphal. 8. Martin had been 

 dead a century, but it was forged by the Church of Tours for the 

 object of giving a basis to its claims of jurisdiction over the see 

 of Quimper. Nevertheless, there remains an element of truth 

 in it. There were no bishops in Cornouaille at this period, and 

 such as were elected, had to be sent elsewhere to receive the 

 Apostolic commission, but to Tours we may be absolutely certain 

 they were not sent, most probably into Britain. 



The story goes on to say that Corentine then gave up his 

 abbatial office to Winwaloe and to Tudy. This also is contrary 

 to fact, and shows how that the writer wrote with a mind biassed 

 by the idea common to Latin ecclesiastics of his period. 



The abbot in a Celtic monastery was superior to the bishop, 

 in that he, and not the bishop, exercised jurisdiction. 



Winwaloe had founded his establishment himself, and he 

 was sujireme therein. Moreover Winwaloe was born about 

 480, and Corentine was a bishop in 453. 



There was a Wiuivaloe settlement in N. E. Cornwall. 

 Tresmere and Tremaine are Winwaloe churches, Lewaiiick one 

 of Winwaloe's brother's foundation, so perhaps Jacobstowe. It 

 is therefore not surjirising to find one by Winwaloe's disciple 

 Tudy in the district. 



* Vita iida St» Winwaloi, ap. Boll. Acta as., Martii I. 



