282, SPECIMEN OF A FLORA OF CANADA. 
mostly two: fruit red. Rich mountain woods—J uly—Montreal, 
Dr. Holmes; Hamilton. Sent from the United States to China, asa 
substitute for the true Ginseng. 
2. P. Trirotium, L.—Dwarf Ginseng : Ground Nut.—Root glo- 
bular, deep in the ground, pungent, not aromatic: stem 4’—8' high: 
leaflets 3—5, sessile at the summit of the leaf-stalk, narrowly oblong, 
obtuse: styles usually three: fruit yellowish. Woods—May and 
June—Toronto, Hamilton. 
Aralia, L.—Spikenard— Wild Sarsaparilla. 
1, A. Racemosa, L.— Spikenard.—Herbaceous: stem widely- 
branched : leaflets heart-ovate pointed, doubly-serrate, slightly downy: 
umbels racemose-panicled: styles coherent below. Rich Woodlands 
—July—Toronto, Hamilton, Montreal. 
1. A. Nupicavuuts, L.—Wild Sarsaparilla.—Stem scarcely rising 
above the ground, with a single long-stalked leaf and a shorter naked 
scape, with 2—7 umbels: leaflets oblong-ovate or oval, pointed ser- 
rate, five on each of the three divisions. The aromatic horizontal 
roots used as a substitute for sarsaparilla. Moist woods—May and 
June—Toronto, Hamilton, Montreal. 
A. hispida, Michx.— Bristly Sarsaparilla.— Stem 1°—2° 
high, bristly, leafy, terminating in a peduncle bearing several umbels: 
leaves twice pinnate, leafllets oblong-ovate acute, cut-serrate. Rocky 
places—June—Three Rivers, Dr. Holmes. 
Hedera helix (the Ivy) and Adoxa Moschatellina (the Muscadel) 
are the European representatives of this order. Aralia spinosa (the 
Angelica tree) grows as far north as Pennsylvania, and is cultivated. 
I conclude this specimen by giving a tabular view of the alliances 
of Perigynose Exogens, and of the orders in one alliance, selected for 
its important relation to our flora: 
