SPECIMEN OF A FLORA OF CANADA. 283 
ALLIANCES. 
(More or less distinct, or 
(by abortion) solitary 
{embryo amygdaloid, 
with little or no albu- 
INEM] * * secwcsnsstceereesece: ae WA sscdeecaheetaseccesecsocuees seoreee ROSALES, 
Baseialod, with little 
or no albumen.............. RHAMNALES, 
melapeta- a [seeds definite :  pla- 
heed or 2 o | cente axile: trees or 
absent 5 & | shrubs] 
o (each carpel 2 : 
having its © | taper, with little or no 
ovules FA | albumen. ......ccccsssue: 1. SAXIFRAGALES, 
{seeds numerous: with 
us all herbs] 
. external curved around 
ponsolide (= small mealy albumen FIcorDALEs. 
a o | Lherbs: fruit a utricle, 
Perigynose = so as to ap- | enclosed in the hardened 
Exogens 5 pear single,t © ¥ calyx] 
5 two or more & " 
carpels pro- | amygdaloid, with little 
ducing but or no apement saiwaewcete . DAPHNALRS, 
one ovule [low trees or shrubs] 
( Nucumentaceousf.............. pacereeacts ihe eeeeadadceeesteeets EcHIALES. 
(Embryo large, with 
little or no albumen] 
PFEGICCHEP AL 21 cccssvestsasesecesesseoudésecdasesce CoRTVSALES. 
he {embryo with a copious 
1 = albumen: flowers sym- 
\ Synpetalous a metrical] 
(minute, or the cotyle- 
£ dous poe than the 
= radiate, amidst copious 
a capsule, > ADU ET fees cesassces: GENTIANALES 
or berry FS [shrubs or herbs, with 
undivided, often oppo- 
not free site, leaves, without sti- 
central, or 6 | pules]} 
very rare- & 
ly so, and £4 large, lying in a small 
have exal- © | quantity of albumen .... SoLANALES. 
Ubuminous {exterior circles of the 
flower symmetrical: pla- 
centz white | 
with little or no albu- 
AUC eer saecpeerase mae tecenccete BIGNONIALES. 
. (unsymmetrical: gener- 
Lally irregular] 
* The Rosal alliance, though a very natural one, is not easily defined, so as to remove the 
doubts of the inexperienced. Rosaitself, in which the torus bearing the numerous distinct 
carpels, lines the coherent lower portion of the calyx, producing from its border the petals 
[See over. 
+ The character here employed does not apply to all Ficoidals, but belongs to the only 
order of the alliance of which there is an example in our Flora. The plants of this division 
are described as having asingle carpel; but Dr. Lindley, though using the ordinary language, 
points out the probability that the fruit is formed by a union of carpels; and after exami- 
ning many cases, I am so convinced of the correctness of this view that I do not hesitate to 
adopt it. 
} The nucumentaceous fruit consists of one-seeded nuts, or of clusters of them, separate or 
separable In the orders Boraginacese and Lamiacew, the so-called four nuts evidently 
belong to two carpels, each having a single seed at each side, so that there are two united 
styles and two more or less distinguishable stigmas. 
