GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. 295 
The requisite amount of these substances is best learned by expe- 
‘rience. The oxide of iron is most conveniently employed in the form of 
a paste containing from 70 to 80 per cent. of water. In no case will 
more than eight or ten parts of this be required to each one hundred 
parts of the juice.* 
E. J. C. 
SCIENTIFIC AND LITERARY NOTES. 
GEOLOGY AND MINERALOGY. 
NOTES ON THE GEOLOGY OF THE TOWNSHIPS OF WINDHAM AND MIDDLETON, COUNTY 
OF NORFOLK, 0. W.—BY J. DE CEW, PROVINCIAL LAND SURVEYOR. 
To the Editor of the Canadian Journal. 
Siz,—In a recent tour made through the county of Norfolk for the purpose of 
collecting fossils and studying the geology of the district, I was much interested 
with the deposits of the townships of Windham and Middleton; and believing 
that a communication briefly setting forth the peculiarities of that region might 
be perused with interest by some of the readers of your valuable Journal, Iam 
induced to offer the following remarks :— 
The stratified rocks of these townships belong to the Oriskany sand and Cor- 
niferous limestone formations. Of the Oriskany sandstone there is but one 
exposure, occurring in the north-east angle of the township of Windham. This 
exposure, on account of its hardness, forms a regular escarpment about five feet 
in thickness, dipping slightly to the south-west, with a strike north-west and 
south-east, and is traceable throughout a distance of about three-fourths of a mile, 
This formation is regarded by the Canadian and New York Geologists as the base 
of the Devonian System, and its composition is too well understood to require 
Notice in this short essay. I might, however, remark, that this exposure is much 
harder, and contains a larger proportion of feldspar and fewer fossils, than any 
other I have yet examined. 
The fossils met with comprise :— 
Favosites Hemispherica......0..0eeeeee+eee+6 Yandell and Shumard. 
Laphrentis prolifica .....6sscceccescses coeee Billings, 
Orthis. (An imperfect example.) 
Strophomena depressa. (Very abundant)....... Linn. 
Strophomena ampla. 
Pentamerus aratus. 
Spirifer —. 
Platyostoma ventricosa. 
* It may not be out of place to observe that both sulphate of lime and hydrated sesqui- 
oxide of iron, (the latter in the form of bog iron ore and yellow ochre) occur abundantly in 
Western Canada. For special localities, see the preseut volume of this Journal, pages 151 
andi161. Also vol. V., page 175.—Translator. 
