372 ON THE CO-EXISTENCE OF MAN 
were formed, the traces of an intentional operation on the bones of 
the Rhinoceros, the Aurochs, the Megaceros, the Oervus Somonensis, 
&c., supply equally the inductive demonstration of the contempora- 
neity of those species with the human race. 
It is true that certain of those species, the Cervus elaphus of 
Linneeus (the same as your Red-deer or Stag) and the Aurochs, are 
still represented in existing nature: but although it is exactly the 
bones of the Aurochs which exhibit the most evident proof of human 
action, the fact is not of less value as regards the relative antiquity ; 
for the remains of the Aurochs have been found associated in the 
same beds with those of Hlephas and Megaceros, not, as I have 
already said, by the effect of a remaniement, but in an original inhu- 
mation. Moreover, fossil remains of the same Aurochs, have been 
found in England, in France, and in Italy, in preglacial deposits 
(that is, in deposits anterior to the most ancient pleistocene forma- 
tions containing bones of Hlephas primigenius and Rhinoceros tichor- 
hinus). I would add, that the more rigorous observation of facts 
tends clearly to demonstrate that a great proportion of our living 
Mammifers have been contemporaneous with those two great ex- 
tinct species, the first appearance of which in Western Europe must 
have been preceded by that of several of our still existing quad- 
rupeds. 
In endeavouring to connect those proofs of the antiquity of the 
human race with the geological and geographical changes which 
have since taken place, I have not met with any more precise induc- 
tion than that offered by M. d’Archiac, viz. the relative epoch of 
the separation of England from the Continent. The former con- 
nexion of the two is a fact generally admitted: it is proved by the 
similarity in structure of the opposite sides of the Channel, by the 
identity of species of terestrial animals, the original intermigration 
of which could only have been effected by the existence of ferra 
firma. M. @Archiac (Bull. de la Soc. Géol. de France, lére série, 
t. x. p. 220, and Histoire des Progrés, &c., t. ii. pp. 127 and 170) 
has been led, by a series of well-weighed inductions from stratigra- 
phical considerations, to consider the epoch of the separation of the 
British Islands as occurring after the deposition of the diluvial rolled 
pebbles, and before that of the ancient alluvium, the Loess of the 
North of France, of Belgium, the Valley of the Rhine, &c. The in- 
ference to be drawn from that hypothesis is self-evident: it is this, 
