36 EARLY GAZETTEER AND MAP LITERATURE 



In the year 1800, the village was laid out by Samuel Wilmot, Esq., 

 King's Surveyor, under the immediate orders and instructions of 

 Government, appropriating lots for a jail and court-house, churches, 

 chapels, and for other public buildings ; granting to individuals who 

 had made improvements, the several lots they occupied. The main 

 streets are 66 feet wide, called Front, Pinnacle, Park, and Rear 

 Streets, intersected by cross streets of the same width." 



Dr. Kolph speaks of the Township of Madoc and its mineral 

 wealth : " The ore to be smelted is the magnetic oxide, and will 

 produce aboxit 70 per cent, of iron. This extensive and valuable bed 

 of ore is on lot No. 11, of the 5th Concession, and was bought of the 

 Canada Company, who, with a liberality rarely to be met with, have 

 sold it to the present owners, at an advance beyond the ordinary 

 price of lands in the neighbourhood, on condition only that they, 

 should improve it. This township contains other valuable minerals, 

 such as beds of fine marble, zinc, lead, and probably copper, which 

 might be worked to great profit. These, added to as fine a soil as 

 the world produces, pure and abundant streams of water, fine timber, 

 and a healthy country, all conspire to render Madoc, at this time, as 

 desirable a location for the farmer, the capitalist, and the man of 

 science, as any in the Province." 



Peterborough is thus described : " This village stands on a fine 

 elevated sandy plain, and in a veiy central situation in the District ; 

 it is divided by the Piver Otonabee, and is immediately adjoining 

 and above the small lake. It commenced in 1825, under the super- 

 intendence of the Hon. Peter Robinson, who lived with a large body 

 of Irish emigrants for some time. It is beautifully wooded with 

 choice trees. A very good and substantial frame bridge has been 

 erected across the Otonabee at this place. It contains a population 

 of 1,000 persons, and continues still improving, &c., &c." He dwells 

 on the importance of this situation, on the water communication 

 between Lake Simcoe and the Bay of Quinte. 



In Fothergill's Almanac of 1839, and in preceding issues of the 

 same periodical, we have a " Sketch of the present state of Canada, 

 drawn up expressly for this work by Charles Fothergill, Esq." I 

 extract a sentence giving statistics of Upper Canada in 1839 : "The 

 settled parts of Upper Canada contain 500,000 souls. The largest 

 towns are Toronto and Kingston, of which Toronto is the most 

 populous, containing 12,500 inhabitants (1839)." 



