42 EAELY GAZETTEER AND MAP LITERATURE 



The rude primitive sketches from which these delineations were 

 made, were derived iii great measure from the verbal reports of the 

 natives, whose own knowledge of the interior of the continent, in any 

 comprehensive sense, was vague, and whose language and gestures 

 would often, of course, be greatly misapprehended. With the map 

 in Ramnusio of "New France, JSTewfoundland, Island of Demons, 

 (fee," may be compai'ed Janssonius' Amsterdam map, entitled " Novi 

 Belgii Novseque Anglise necnon Partis Virginise Tabula," whei-ein 

 the waters of the St. Lawrence and the Ottawa are seen curiously 

 connected together far back in the interior of the country, doubtless 

 as reported by the na,tives and coureurs-de-bois.* 



I shew a General Map of North America of the year 1762, by 

 John Kocque, Topographer to the King. On it are delineated 

 " the new roads, forts, and engagements, taken from actual surveys 

 and operations made in the army employed there from 1754 to 

 1761." On this map Toronto is marked, and the word is spelt 

 exactly as we spell it. On this map are several curious memoranda 

 of concessions of territory on the north side of the lakes, by the 

 Iroquois of tJie south side, to the British authority. Also, a map 

 engraved by T. Bo wen, in Benjamin Martin's "Miscellaneous Corres- 

 pondence" for the years 1755-56, piiblished in London in 1759, 

 evideutly derived from the same sources as Rocque's map. The 

 " bounds of Hudson's Bay by the treaty of Utrecht" are marked, 



* Generally, in these primitive majjs, the lakes and rivers partially explored by the European, 

 are made to appear of 'exaggei'ated dimensions, while the parts known only as yet from hear- 

 say, are comparatively dwarfed and distorted. Henee Lahontan's famous map of the Rivifere 

 Longue is by no means to be summarily rejected. It was maps of this kind that Cluverius had 

 before him in 1629, when compiling his "Introduetio ad Universam Geographiam." Cluverius' 

 notice of Canada is as follows : — " Canada a fluvio cognomine dicta, insula an pars continentis. 

 parnni adhuc constat. Quantum ejus oognitum est, dividitur in Estotilandiam, Corterealem, 

 Terrani Laboratoris et insuias arljacentes, ingentis magnitudinis : quarum prKcipuse, Golesme, 

 Beauparis, Mont de Lions, et Terra Nova, eadem et Terra de Baccalaos dicta, ob ingentem 

 hujusmodi piscium in ejus pelago multitudinem, q^ui etiaffl naves transeuntes retardant." The 

 sailor's hyperbole, here given as a grave fact, throws light on the origin of many historical 

 marvels. The soil, climate, productions, and inhabitants of Canada and New France are thus 

 described: — "Solum Canadae quanturavis accerrimis frigoribus obnoxium, eximie tamen 

 fertile, aurique metallis dives ; incolee satis ingeniosi et avtiura niechanicarum peritissimi, 

 pellibus amicti degunt : ceterum Galliarum regis imperio subject!. Nova Francia (this is 

 distinguished from Canada) k Gallis Regis Francisci primi auspiciis deteota, prseter raras 

 segetes et legumina qusedam, omnium rerum inops, a feris ao quibusdam ia locis anthropo- 

 phagis, in universum idolatricis gentibus ineolitur. Pars tamen ejus, quae ad mare accedit 

 Korimbega ab urbe cognomine dicta, coelo potitur salubri soloque fcecundo." Norembega 

 appears to have denoted the New England region ; and the name has been thought by some to 

 have come from a vague local reminisoence of the Norwegian origin of settlements on the coast 

 in that direction, 



