.80 THE EASTERN ORIGIN OP THE CELTS. 



Persian Segestan, Segeste, of Pannonia, Segeste of Liguria, and 

 Egesta of Sicily, all of which countries have most intimate relations 

 with the Elamite family of Gilead.^' 



Greece contained Celtic elements, especially in the closely allied 

 populations of ^tolia and Elis. There were Gileadites, however, 

 in Thessaly. Elatea may possibly be a form of Gilead's name, but 

 Calathama suits better with the original. Piresia and Pyrasus should 

 represent Peresh, and Trachin, Rakem. But the best evidence of 

 Elamite occupation is the river Apidanus or Salambria, answering to, 

 the Bathynias in the neighbourhood of Selymbria, and the Padsei of 

 India, to the north of which appears Selampura.*" XJlam, with the 

 brig termination, is here connected with his son Bedan. Potnise, of 

 Magnesia, establishes the identity of Bedan and Apidanus. In 

 Epirus our search will be foimd not so successful. It also had an . 

 Elatsea; and Ulam might have been the original of Elaea, or better 

 still, of Aulon, with which the Hebrew meaning of the word agrees ; 

 while Batise suggests Bedan. What is wanting in Epirus, however, 

 may appear in Illyria. Gilead is there set forth by Claudanum and 

 the Callicoeni. The Perisadyes and Sesarethii no doubt exhibit 

 Peresh and Sheresh. Ulam appears with a D prefix in Delminium, 

 and perhaps in Dalmatia. Putamnus, Epidamnus, and Bassania, are 

 three difierent forms of Bedan ; and Dyrrachium, the other name of 

 Epidamnus, must have come, like Trocmi, from Rakem. Evidence 

 will yet appear for accepting Bassania and Dyrrachiiim in this con- 

 nection. Already I have suggested the unity of Gilead and rocky 

 Calydon in ^^Etolia. Chalcis, the modern Galata, near at hand, con- 

 firms it. Olenus may give us Ulam, but Aracynthus Mons and 

 Trichonis Palus are alike memorials of Rakem, the former connect- 

 ing with Hyrcania, Argseus, Arganthonius, &c., and the latter with 

 the Trocmi and Dyrrachium. The Apodoti, with the town Phytseum 

 on the Palus, commemorate Bedan. Phocis has Elatea, Traehin, 



29 The Sicilian Egesta was closely connected with the Elymii. The Segustani of Gaul, who 

 dwelt in the immediate vicinity of the Allobroges, exhibit the same phenomenon. 



30 The termination bria, bora, pura, appears at the very commencement of our researches. 

 There was a Mesambria oif the coast of Persia ; a Selampnra in India ; a Perisabora, or ancient 

 Presburg, in Babylonia. We find the same form connecting Bedan in the Epetobriges of 

 Galatia. Perisabora, Selymbria and Epetobriga show three descents, or Peresh, Ulam, and 

 Bedan. 



Bedan's name, which has maritime, or at least water significations in the Celtic languages, 

 was fitly applied to rivers. Thus the Padaai, or Ganges ; the Badus of Syria ; the Batliynias 

 of Tlirace ; tlie Apidanus of Thessaly ; the Padus or Bodincus, the Padusa, the Bedesis,. the 

 Batinus of Italy ; and the Baetis of Spain received their names from it. 



