THE EASTERN ORIGIN OF THE CELTS. 83 



name. This seems more than probable, and, if true, wonld refer xis 

 to Ulam. Gallia Cisalpina is more important. The Galli are them- 

 selves Gileadites. Brixia gives Peresh ; Ollius and Allieni, Ulam ; 

 K-egium and Bergomum, Rakem. But India is reproduced in the 

 Padus or Bodincus, on which Padinum answering to Patna, was 

 situated. Two other rivers, the Padusa and the Bedesis, with 

 Fidentia, indicate the supremacy of the descendants of Bedan. 

 Liguria also preserved Gilead's memory in Clastidium, and that of 

 Rakem in Ricina and Rigomagus. Pedona, also called Dalmazzo, 

 thus united the names of Bedan and his father Ulam, the latter 

 designation answering to Dalmatia and Delminium and finding the 

 parallel, if not the explanation, of its final z in Olmuz, the modern 

 form of a Bohemian Ulmi. Bodincomagus and Potentia are other 

 relics of Bedan. Etruria, the Volscian connections of which I have 

 already indicated, exhibits relations with Gilead and Peresh in Calle- 

 tanis, perhaps in Clusium, and in Perusia.^* Not far from the latter 

 place was Vettona of Umbria, which also contained Pittinum and 

 Sarsina, thus adding Bedan and Sheresh. Rakem appears in Ricina 

 of Picenum, and there also Bedan had memorials in the Batinus 

 river, Pitinum and Potentia. Latium, where Volsci were found, 

 showed its Celtic side in Collatia, Sora, Almo, Tarracina, and Pedum. 

 Bedan's supremacy is still visible in Pitinum and Fidense of Sabinum; 

 but his name undei'goes a change that may indicate relations with 

 the namers of Aphadana in Mesopotania, Apidanus of Thessaly, and 

 Aphidne of Attica, in Aufidena and ^butiana, which appear along 

 with Calatia in Samnium. Campania repeats the tale of migration in 

 Calatia and Betina ; and Apulia, in Collatia, Galesus, and Batuntum. 

 Lucania revived the memory of Sheresh in Siris, and added Potentia 

 to the numberless records of Bedan. Rhegium of Bruttium must 

 have been named by Rakem's descendants, as it was a Chalcidian 

 colony. ^^ In Sicily the long missing form of Ulam's name reappears 

 in the neighborhood of ^gesta, where Elymus the Trojan left the 

 Elymii.^^ Eryx near at hand may, as a mountain name and that of 



3* Perusia must liave been an anoieut seat of the Parisii. Trasimenus Lacus, answering to 

 Trichonib, &o., and Tarquinii, seem with Perusia to suggest that the Tyrseni of Tarchon were 

 Eakemites, which the original Rasena appears to conffrm. The Vetulonii of Tuscany and its 

 Luoumos serve to indicate, what other connections render certain, that the family to which 

 Gilead belonged was that of Bethlehem, the name Lucumo coming from Lechem, and Vetulonia 

 preserving the entire name. Bit Ulmas, of the cuneiform inscriptions, should connect with 

 this line. 



S5 These Chalcidians were of Buboea. Pausanias, iv. 23. 



M Strab. xiii. 1, 53. 



