GEOLOGICAL AREAS OF CANADA. 103 



Hudson Kiver strata, examples of the curious stem-like corals 

 (Beatricea undata), resem.bling the petrified trunks of large trees, 

 occur in considerable abundance. The succeeding area of the Island 

 to the south, is occupied by argillaceous and other limestones, essen- 

 tially of Middle Silurian age, the equivalents apparently of the 

 Medina, Clinton, and Niagara formations of the West; but char- 

 acteristic Niagara fossils are asociated in some of these strata with 

 Hudson River and other Lower Silurian types. 



The other rock-formations of the district consist of Post-Cainozoic 

 deposits. Raised beaches, in the form of a series of terraces, extend- 

 ing to a height of about 100 feet above the sea, occur on some of the 

 Mingan Islands ; and other evidences of elevation are seen in the 

 pillared rocks left here and there upon the surface, at heights of fifty or 

 sixty feet above the present sea-level. Drift clays, holding limestone 

 pebbles, overlie the calcareous strata of some parts of Anticosti, 

 especially on the southwest coast, where they form cliffs of consider- 

 able height. But the more remarkable of the Post-Cainozoic forma- 

 tions of Anticosti are the great peat-beds, which cover large areas on 

 the southern part of the Island. One of these extends in a narrow 

 band along the south-east coast, between Heath Point and South 

 Point, over a length of nearly eighty miles. 



PROVINCE OF NEW BRUNSWICK. 

 The geology of New Brunswick, notwithstanding the numerous 

 reports already published upon it, still remains, in a great measure, 

 to be worked out. Viewed, however, in its broader or more general 

 features, the Province may be looked u])on as including two essentially 

 distinct geological regions. These comprise : (1) the Western and 

 Southern distiict, occupied for the greater part by granitic, and more 

 or less altered rocks — the latter mostly of Pre-Silurian and Silurian 

 age — with a few limited exposures of higher strata; and (2) the 

 Eastern or Carboniferous district, occupied exclusively, or practically 

 so, by subdivisions of the Carboniferous formation. If a line be 

 drawn from near Bathurst, on Nipisiguit Bay (an inlet of the Bay of 

 Chaleurs), to Lake Oromocto, in the south-east corner of York County, 

 and another from this point, in an easterly or north-easterly dii-ection 

 (roughly parallel with the Bay of Fundy), to Chepody Bay, in Albert 

 County, the two districts Avill be marked out with sufficient accuracy 

 for general pui-poses. All the country west and south of these lines 



