188 BRAIN-WEIGHT AND SIZE IN RELATION 



class, it is by no means rare to find examples of wonderfully vigorous 

 intellectual power applied to the planning and accomplisliing of 

 schemes wMch involve as much foresight and skill as many a triumph 

 of diplomacy ; but which at the same time seem to be nearly incom- 

 patible with any moral sense. Moreover, it is needless to say that 

 intellectual vigour and high moral principle ai'e by no means invari- 

 able concomitants in any class of society ; nor can they be traced to 

 a common source. Mr. "Wallace recognizes that " a superior intelli- 

 gence has guided the development of man in a definite direction, and 

 for a special purpose ;" and such guidance involves much more than 

 the mere evolution of a higher animal organization. But, appreci- 

 ating as he does the difiiculties involved in any acceptance of a- 

 theory of evolution which assumes man to be the mere latest out- 

 growth of a development from lower forms of animal life, Mr. 

 Wallace points out that " natural selection could only have endowed 

 savage man with a brain a little superior to that of an ape, whereas 

 he actually possesses one very little inferior to that of a philo- 

 sopher." 



Yet neither Mr. Wallace, nor Professor Huxley when controvert- 

 ing this argument, withholds a due recognition of the acti\T.ty of the 

 intellect of the savage. No one indeed can have much intercourse 

 with savage races wholly dependent on their own resources, without 

 recognizing that, within a certain range, their faculties are kept in 

 constant activity. The savage hunter has not merely an intimate 

 familiarity with all the capabilities and resources of many regions 

 traversed by him in pursuit of his game ; his geographical infor- 

 mation includes much tiseful knowledge of the topography of ranges 

 of country which he has never visited. I found, on one occasion, 

 when exploring the Nepigon River, on Lake Superior, that my 

 Chippewa guides, though fully five hundred miles from their own 

 country, and visiting the region for the first time, were nevertheless 

 on the look-out for a metamorphic rock underlying the sienite which 

 aboimds there ; and they made their way by well-recognized land- 

 marks to this favourite " j)ipe-stone rock." While moreover the 

 Indian, like other savages, is devoid of much of what we style " use- 

 ful knowledge," but which would be very useless to him, he is fully 

 informed on many subjects embraced within the range of the natural 

 sciences ; and has a verje practical knowledge of meteorology, 

 zoology, botany, and much else which constitutes useful kriow- 



