TO RELATIVE CAPACITY OF RACES. 195 



male skeleton found in a cave at Mentone, and to others obtained in 

 tlie Lombrive and otlier caves. ISTor was this caution without reason, 

 for the remains of man differ from other animal remains found in 

 such series of deposits as mark a succession of periods, in so far as 

 they pertain to the only animal habitually given to the practice of 

 interment ; so that human skeletons found under such circumstances 

 may have been artificially intruded long subsequent to the accumu- 

 la.tion of the breccia in which they lay. Happily, however, any 

 doubts as to the contemporaneity of the human remains with the 

 other cave-relics has since been removed by the discovery of skeletons, 

 similar in type, in other caverns in the same valley — and especially 

 in that of Laugerie Basse, — in positions which seem to leave no room 

 for questioning their being of the same age as the works of art found 

 along with them. 



Other examples of the ancient man of Europe show him in like 

 manner endowed with a cerebral development far in advance of the 

 rudest races of modern times. The skull found by Dr. Schmerlino' 

 in the Engis Cave, near Li^ge, along with remains of six or seven 

 human skeletons, was embedded in the same matrix with bones of 

 the fossil elephant, rhinoceros, hysena, and other extinct quadrupeds. 

 It is a fairly proportioned, well developed dolichocephalic skull; and, 

 like others of the seemingly most ancient human skulls yet found, 

 has signally disappointed the expectations of those who count upon 

 invariably finding a lower type the older the formation in which it 

 occui-s. "Assuredly," says Professor Huxley, "there is no mark of 

 degradation about any part of its structure. It is, in fact, a fair 

 average human skull, which might have belonged to a philosopher, 

 or might have contained the thoughtless brain of a savage." Even 

 the famous Neanderthal skull, of doubtful geological antiquity, but 

 pronounced to be " the most brutal of all human skulls," acquires its 

 exceptional character chiefly from the abnormal development of the 

 superciliary region. 



It is a universally accepted fact that the size of the male head and 

 the weight of the brain are greater than those of the female. The 

 average weight of the male brain is found to exceed that of the 

 female by about ten per cent.; or, as it is stated by Professor 

 Welcker, the brain-weight of man is to that of woman as 100 : 90. 

 But the difference of stature between the two sexes has to be taken 



