196 BRAIN-AVEIGHT AND SIZE IN RELATION 



into account. The average, based on various series of observations 

 to determine the mean statui-e for man and for woman, shows the 

 latter to be about eight per cent, less than the former ; or, as Dr. 

 Thurnam has stated it more precisely : 



KATIO OF STATURE AND BRAIN-WEIGHT IN THE TWO SEXES. 



Male. Female. 



Stature 100- 92- 



Weight of Brain 100- 90-3 



Here again, however, it becomes important to take into consider- 

 ation other elements of difference besides weight ; for, as Tennyson 

 insists, " Woman is not undevelopt man, but diverse." The results 

 of Wagner's observations on the superficial measurements of the 

 convolutions of the brain point to the conclusion that in the female 

 the lesser brain-weight may be compensated by a larger superficies. 

 Ranked in the order of their relative weights in grammes, six average 

 brains of men and women were found to stand thus : 



But the same brains, when tested by the degrees of convolution of 

 the frontal lobe, measured in squares of sixteen square millimetres, 

 irrespective of the question of relative size, ranked as follows, 

 advancing the female (d) from the fourth to. the first place, and 

 reducing the male (c) from the third to the sixth place : 



But, as already indicated, some modern disclosures tend to raise the 

 question whether the difference between the sexes, in so far as rela- 

 tive volume of brain is concerned, has not been increased as a result 

 of civilization. The disparity in size between the Cro-Magnon male 

 and female skeletons is quite as great as that of modern times, but 

 the capacity of the female skull is relatively good. 



Other observations, such as those of Professor Rolleston " On 

 the People of the Long Barrow Period," seem to indicate a nearer 



