222 BRAm-WEIGfHT AND SIZE IN RELATION 



been derived from the huacas, or ancient graves of one locality, 

 that of Ancon, near Oallao. Professor AYyman stated as the result 

 of his careful study of them : " The average capacity obtained from 

 the ^vhole collection, including those having the distorted as well as 

 the natural shape, varies but little from that of previous measure- 

 ments," including those of Morton and Meigs, and his own results 

 from the Squier collection. 



Another collection of one hundred and fifty ancient skulls, obtained 

 by Mr. Hutchinson during his residence in Peru, and presented to the 

 Anthropological Institute of London, has the additional value, like 

 that of Mr. Squier, of having been carefully selected from different 

 localities, including Santos, lea, Ancon, Passamayo, and Cerro del Oro; 

 and the same may be said of those enumerated iii the "Thesaurus 

 Craniorum " of Dr. J. B. Davis. We have thus unusually ample 

 materials for determining the cranial characteristics of this remark- 

 able people, and the results in every case are tlie same. After a 

 careful examination of the Peruvian skulls, in the London anthro- 

 pological collection. Professor Busk states his conclusions thus : 

 " The mean capacity of the larger skulls, which may be regarded as 

 males, appears, as far as I have gone, to be about 80 cubic inches, 

 equivalent to a brain of about 45 ounces, roughly estimated. 

 This capacity, and the measurements above cited, show that the 

 crania generally are of small size ;" and he adds : " this is in accord 

 with the statements of all observers." * 



Dr. J. B. Da\'is has added to the valuable data included in his 

 " Thesaurus Craniorum," a series of measurements of skeletons. Un- 

 fortunately that of a male Quichua, procured by him in the form of 

 a "Peruvian mummy," proved "to be affected with carious disease 

 about the last dorsal and upper lumbar vertebrae ; and conse- . 

 quently the length of the vertebral column essential for comparison 

 with the. skeletons of other races, is wanting ; but the other measure.- 

 ments indicate in this example a statiire below the average, while 

 the skull exceeds it. The average internal capacity of eighteen 

 Quichua male skulls, as given by Dr. J. B. Davis, is 73, whereas 

 this is 78-5. That the ancient Peruvian skulls are, with rare excep- 

 tions, of small size, is undoubted ; and in view of this it becomes a 

 matter of some importance to determine whether this was in any 

 degree due to a correspondingly small stature. Obscure references 



* "Journal of Antkropol. Inst.," Vol. III., p. 92. 



