230 BRAIN-WEIGHT AND SIZE, ETC. 



order to sucli a development of intelligence as divides man from otlier 

 animals." 



The important data accumulated by Morton, Meigs, Davis, Tiede- 

 mann, Pruner Bey, Broca, and others, by the process of gauging the 

 skulls of different races, proceeds on the assumption of brain of a 

 uniform density. But it seems by no means improbable that certain 

 marked distinctions in races may be traceable to the very fact of a 

 prevailing difference in the specific gravity of the brain, or of cer- 

 tain of its constituent portions ; to the greater or less complexity of 

 its convolutions ; and to the relative characteristics of the two 

 hemispheres. Moreover, it may be that some of those sources of 

 difference in races may not lie wholly out of our reach, or even 

 beyond our control. The diversity of food, for example, of the 

 Peruvians and of the American Indian hunter-tribes was little less 

 than that which distinguishes the Esquimaux from the Hindoo, or the 

 nomad Tartar from the Chinese. The remarkable cerebral capacity 

 characteristic of the Oceanic races is the accompaniment of well 

 defined peculiarities in food, climate, and other physical conditions ; 

 and Australia is even more distinct in its physical specialties than in 

 its variety of race. 



Looking then to the unwonted persistency of the Peruvian cranium 

 within such narrow limits, so far at least as the physical character- 

 istics of the predominant population of Peru are illustrated by means 

 of the great coast cemeteries ; and to the striking discrepancy be- 

 tween the volume of brain and the intellectual activity of the race : 

 I am led to the conclusion that, in the remarkable exceptional char- 

 acteristics thus established by the study of this class of Peruvian 

 crania, we have as marked an indication of a distinctive race- 

 character as anything hitherto noted in anthropology. 



